Thonnon J, Spiegel A, Diallo M, Diallo A, Fontenille D
Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Sénégal.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 1999 May;92(2):79-82.
Chikungunya disease is generally recognized in Africa by serosurveys conducted in rural areas. Epidemics are rarely documented. We report two outbreaks in Senegal: one having occurred near Kaffrine in 1996 during an epidemic of yellow fever (YF), the second in Niakhar in 1997. Both diagnoses were conducted by IgM antibodies captures and confirmed by virus isolations. In Kaffrine, a randomised study was carried out on 447 blood donors whose serum was systematically tested for the most frequently encountered arboviruses in Senegal. The incidence rate was higher for the unrecognized Chikungunya infection (35.3%) than for the notified YF infection (21%). In Niakhar, Chikungunya infection was initially detected through three cases having occurred in health workers. A serosurvey was then conducted to define the area of prevalence. We report the clinical forms of Chikungunya virus infections, the interest in detecting IgM for recent arbovirus infections and the duration of these IgM. The difficulties of diagnosis of Chikungunya infection in malaria endemic areas are stressed. The occurrence of arbovirus infections, Yellow fever and Chikungunya viruses, transmitted by the same vectors (Aedes aegypti) in Kaffrine are also discussed.
通过在农村地区开展的血清学调查，基孔肯雅热在非洲已得到普遍确认。疫情很少有记录。我们报告了塞内加尔的两起疫情：一起于1996年在卡菲林附近黄热病疫情期间发生，另一起于1997年在尼亚喀尔发生。两次诊断均通过IgM抗体捕获法进行，并经病毒分离确诊。在卡菲林，对447名献血者进行了一项随机研究，其血清被系统检测塞内加尔最常见的虫媒病毒。未被识别的基孔肯雅热感染发病率（35.3%）高于已通报的黄热病感染发病率（21%）。在尼亚喀尔，基孔肯雅热感染最初是通过在卫生工作者中出现的3例病例发现的。随后开展了一项血清学调查以确定流行区域。我们报告了基孔肯雅病毒感染的临床症状、检测近期虫媒病毒感染IgM的意义以及这些IgM的持续时间。强调了在疟疾流行地区诊断基孔肯雅热感染的困难。还讨论了在卡菲林由同一媒介（埃及伊蚊）传播的虫媒病毒感染、黄热病和基孔肯雅病毒的发生情况。
