Ritsner M, Ponizovsky A
Department of Psychiatry, Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
Int J Soc Psychiatry. 1999 Summer;45(2):125-39. doi: 10.1177/002076409904500205.
A large community sample, cross-sectional and in part longitudinal design, and comparison groups was used to determine the timing of psychological distress among immigrants. A total of 2,378 adult immigrants from the former Soviet Union to Israel completed the self-administered questionnaire Talbieh Brief Distress Inventory. The aggregate levels of distress and six psychological symptoms--obsessiveness, hostility, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, and paranoid ideation--were compared at 20 intervals covering 1 to 60 months after resettlement. The level of psychological distress was significantly higher in the immigrants than that of Israeli natives but not in the potential immigrant controls. A two-phase temporal pattern of development of psychological distress was revealed consisting of escalation and reduction phases. The escalation phase was characterized by an increase in distress levels until the 27th month after arrival (a peak) and the reduction phase led to a decline returning to normal levels. The 1-month prevalence rate was 15.6% for the total sample, and for highly distressed subjects it reached 24% at the 27th month after arrival, and it declined to 4% at the 44th month. The time pattern of distress shared males and females, married and divorced/widowed (but not singles), as well as subjects of all age groups (except for immigrants in their forties). The two-phase pattern of distress obtained according to cross-sectional data was indirectly confirmed through a longitudinal way. Claims of early euphoric or distress-free period followed by mental health crisis frequently referred to in the literature on migration was not supported by this study.
采用大规模社区样本、横断面和部分纵向设计以及对照组来确定移民心理困扰的发生时间。共有2378名从前苏联移民到以色列的成年移民完成了自填式问卷《塔尔比耶简短困扰量表》。在重新安置后的1至60个月的20个时间点，对困扰的总体水平以及六种心理症状——强迫观念、敌意、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑和偏执观念——进行了比较。移民的心理困扰水平显著高于以色列本地人，但在潜在移民对照组中并非如此。研究揭示了心理困扰发展的两阶段时间模式，包括上升阶段和下降阶段。上升阶段的特点是困扰水平持续上升，直到抵达后的第27个月（达到峰值），下降阶段则导致困扰水平下降并恢复到正常水平。总样本的1个月患病率为15.6%，对于高度困扰的受试者，在抵达后的第27个月达到24%，在第44个月降至4%。困扰的时间模式在男性和女性、已婚和离异/丧偶（但不包括单身）以及所有年龄组的受试者（40多岁的移民除外）中都有体现。通过纵向研究间接证实了根据横断面数据得出的困扰两阶段模式。本研究不支持文献中经常提到的早期欣快或无困扰期后紧接着心理健康危机的说法。
