Crouch K G, Gressel M G
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Appl Occup Environ Hyg. 1999 May;14(5):329-38. doi: 10.1080/104732299302918.
Small businesses frequently have inadequate in-house expertise to solve a variety of safety and health problems. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has therefore conducted a demonstration project in the commercial lithographic printing industry, which consists largely of small companies, in an effort to establish suitable control technology for airborne solvent vapors released primarily during press cleaning operations. These solvent vapors have a number of potential adverse health effects, including narcosis, kidney and liver damage, and cancer. Also, airborne anti-offset powder is a potential allergic sensitizer and cause of occupational asthma. As a means of controlling worker exposures to the vapors and dust, a local exhaust inlet was attached to the side of the press adjacent to the paper delivery point. Tempered outside air was introduced through ceiling outlets installed to make up for the exhausted air. Measurements of press operator exposure and area concentrations of solvent vapors and area concentration of anti-offset powder were made before and after installation of the new ventilation controls. Vapor concentrations were reduced by 73 percent for the press operators. Area concentrations of the vapors were reduced by 86 percent and dust concentration by 67 percent. The ventilation system was found to be suitable for vapor and dust control, although substitution of a cleaning solution containing non-carcinogenic solvents for solutions containing carcinogens was recommended.
小企业往往缺乏足够的内部专业知识来解决各种安全与健康问题。因此，美国国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）在主要由小公司组成的商业平版印刷行业开展了一个示范项目，旨在为主要在印刷机清洗操作过程中释放的空气中溶剂蒸气建立合适的控制技术。这些溶剂蒸气有许多潜在的不良健康影响，包括麻醉、肾脏和肝脏损伤以及癌症。此外，空气中的防粘脏粉是一种潜在的过敏致敏原和职业性哮喘的病因。作为控制工人接触蒸气和粉尘的一种手段，在印刷机靠近纸张传送点的一侧安装了一个局部排风入口。通过安装在天花板上的出风口引入经过调节的室外空气，以补充排出的空气。在安装新的通风控制装置前后，对印刷机操作人员的接触情况、溶剂蒸气的区域浓度以及防粘脏粉的区域浓度进行了测量。对于印刷机操作人员，蒸气浓度降低了73%。蒸气的区域浓度降低了86%，粉尘浓度降低了67%。尽管建议用含非致癌溶剂的清洗液替代含致癌溶剂的清洗液，但该通风系统被认为适用于蒸气和粉尘控制。
