Cousins D V, Williams S N, Dawson D J
Australian Reference Laboratory for Bovine Tuberculosis, Agriculture Western Australia, South Perth.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 1999 Aug;3(8):722-31.
Bacteriologically confirmed cases of Mycobacterium bovis in the Australian population.
To evaluate the DNA fingerprinting techniques commonly used for M. bovis on isolates from humans and determine whether they were useful for determining the origin of human infection.
M. bovis strains isolated between 1970 and 1994 were obtained from five Australian Reference Laboratories. Four DNA fingerprinting techniques, comprising Southern hybridisation with three different probes (the insertion sequence [IS]6110, the polymorphic guanine-cytosine-rich sequence [PGRS] and the direct repeat [DR]) and a PCR-based method (spoligotyping) were used.
The PGRS, DR and IS6110 RFLP methods identified 32, 22 and 14 different types respectively from the 45 isolates available. Spoligotyping identified 18 different types. When all methods were combined 41 different strains were identified. Clear differences were found between many isolates from Australian-born patients and those from patients born overseas.
The PGRS RFLP method was the most effective method for typing the human strains, but a combination of methods is recommended for maximum sensitivity. Most Australian-born patients that had worked in the meat and livestock industries were infected with strains similar to those that are commonly found in Australian cattle, confirming the occupational risk in these industries. Patients born overseas were typically infected with strains genetically different from those of patients born in Australia. This suggests that patients born overseas identified with M. bovis were presenting with reactivation of infection acquired outside Australia.
澳大利亚人群中经细菌学确诊的牛分枝杆菌病例。
评估常用于牛分枝杆菌的DNA指纹图谱技术对人类分离株的适用性，并确定这些技术是否有助于确定人类感染的来源。
从五个澳大利亚参考实验室获取1970年至1994年间分离出的牛分枝杆菌菌株。使用了四种DNA指纹图谱技术，包括用三种不同探针（插入序列[IS]6110、富含鸟嘌呤-胞嘧啶的多态性序列[PGRS]和直接重复序列[DR]）进行Southern杂交以及一种基于PCR的方法（间隔寡核苷酸分型）。
PGRS、DR和IS6110 RFLP方法分别从45株可用分离株中鉴定出32、22和14种不同类型。间隔寡核苷酸分型鉴定出18种不同类型。当所有方法结合使用时，鉴定出41种不同菌株。在许多澳大利亚出生患者的分离株与海外出生患者的分离株之间发现了明显差异。
PGRS RFLP方法是对人源菌株进行分型的最有效方法，但建议结合多种方法以获得最大灵敏度。大多数在肉类和畜牧业工作过的澳大利亚出生患者感染的菌株与澳大利亚牛中常见的菌株相似，证实了这些行业的职业风险。海外出生的患者通常感染的菌株在基因上与澳大利亚出生的患者不同。这表明被确诊为牛分枝杆菌感染的海外出生患者表现出在澳大利亚境外获得的感染的再激活。
