Murray S M, Fahey G C, Merchen N R, Sunvold G D, Reinhart G A
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA.
J Anim Sci. 1999 Aug;77(8):2180-6. doi: 10.2527/1999.7782180x.
Cereal grains represent 30 to 60% of the DM of many companion animal diets. Once incorporated into a diet, the starch component of these grains can provide an excellent source of ME. However, crystallinity and form of starch are variable and can cause incomplete digestion within the gastrointestinal tract. Diets fed in this experiment included one of six high-starch flours as the main source of carbohydrate. The flours originated from barley, corn, potato, rice, sorghum, and wheat. The diets were extruded and kibbled. Starch fraction concentrations of flours consisted of nearly 100% rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and slowly digestible starch (SDS) combined. Starch fraction concentrations of diets paralleled concentrations in flours. Flours varied widely in concentrations of CP, fat, starch, and total dietary fiber. Ileal OM and CP digestibilities were lowest for the potato flour treatment (74 and 64%, respectively). Ileal and total tract starch digestibilities were different (P<.05) among treatments; however, the starch component of all diets was nearly completely digested (>99%). Total tract digestibility of DM and OM was lowest for sorghum (80 and 84%, respectively) compared to all other diets. Crude protein digestibility was highest for corn (87%). Wet fecal weights tended (P<.08) to be greatest for dogs fed the barley treatment (175 g/d). However, dry fecal weights (dried at 55 degrees C) were greatest for dogs consuming the sorghum diet (51 g/d). Fecal scores were consistently greater (i.e., looser stools) for the barley treatment. Any of these flours could be used without negative effects on digestion at either the ileum or in the total tract. Fecal consistency data for dogs consuming the barley treatment indicate that diets containing large amounts (>50%) of barley may not be advantageous for dog owners who house their animals indoors for most of the day.
谷物占许多伴侣动物日粮干物质的30%至60%。一旦纳入日粮中，这些谷物的淀粉成分可提供优质的代谢能来源。然而，淀粉的结晶度和形态各不相同，可导致在胃肠道内消化不完全。本实验饲喂的日粮包含六种高淀粉面粉中的一种作为碳水化合物的主要来源。这些面粉分别来自大麦、玉米、马铃薯、大米、高粱和小麦。日粮经挤压和制粒处理。面粉的淀粉组分浓度几乎由100%的快速消化淀粉（RDS）和缓慢消化淀粉（SDS）组成。日粮的淀粉组分浓度与面粉中的浓度相似。面粉在粗蛋白、脂肪、淀粉和总膳食纤维的浓度上差异很大。马铃薯粉处理组的回肠有机物和粗蛋白消化率最低（分别为74%和64%）。各处理间回肠和全肠道淀粉消化率不同（P<0.05）；然而，所有日粮的淀粉成分几乎都被完全消化（>99%）。与所有其他日粮相比，高粱的全肠道干物质和有机物消化率最低（分别为80%和84%）。玉米的粗蛋白消化率最高（87%）。饲喂大麦处理日粮的犬只湿粪重有增加趋势（P<0.08）（175克/天）。然而，食用高粱日粮的犬只干粪重最大（51克/天）。大麦处理组的粪便评分一直较高（即粪便较稀）。这些面粉中的任何一种都可使用，对回肠或全肠道消化均无负面影响。食用大麦处理日粮的犬只粪便稠度数据表明，对于大多数时间将动物饲养在室内的犬主而言，含有大量（>50%）大麦的日粮可能并无益处。
