Berg G, Dahling D R, Brown G A, Berman D
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1978 Dec;36(6):880-4. doi: 10.1128/aem.36.6.880-884.1978.
Quantities of combined chlorine that usually destroyed more than 99.999% of the indigenous fecal coliforms, total coliforms, and fecal streptococci in primary sewage effluents destroyed only 85 to 99% of the indigenous viruses present. Viruses were recovered from five of eight chlorinated primary effluents from which fecal coliforms were not recovered by standard most-probable-number procedures. The limited volumes of such chlorinated effluents that can be tested for indicator bacteria with currently available multiple-tube and membrane filter techniques restrict the value of fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, and even total coliforms as indicators of viruses in these effluents. Although fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci are useful indicators of viruses in effluents from which these bacteria are recovered, the absence of these bacteria and even total coliforms from disinfected effluents (in standard tests) does not assure that viruses are also absent.
在初次污水排放中，通常能杀灭超过99.999%的原生粪大肠菌群、总大肠菌群和粪链球菌的化合氯量，仅能杀灭85%至99%的原生病毒。从八份氯化初次排放物中的五份中检测到了病毒，而通过标准的最大可能数法未从这些排放物中检测到粪大肠菌群。目前可用的多管和膜过滤技术可用于检测指示菌的此类氯化排放物的体积有限，这限制了粪大肠菌群、粪链球菌甚至总大肠菌群作为这些排放物中病毒指示菌的价值。尽管粪大肠菌群和粪链球菌是从能检测到这些细菌的排放物中病毒的有用指示菌，但在消毒后的排放物中（在标准检测中）未检测到这些细菌甚至总大肠菌群，并不能确保也不存在病毒。
