Magnus P, Jaakkola J J, Skrondal A, Alexander J, Becher G, Krogh T, Dybing E
Department of Population Health Sciences, National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Epidemiology. 1999 Sep;10(5):513-7.
Chlorination of drinking water that contains organic compounds leads to the formation of by-products, some of which have been shown to have mutagenic or carcinogenic effects. As yet, too little is known about the possible teratogenic effects on the human fetus. We linked the Norwegian waterwork registry, containing 1994 data on chlorination practice and color (an indicator for natural organic matter), with the Medical Birth Registry for 1993-1995. The proportion of the population exposed to chlorination and a weighted mean color number in drinking water was computed for each municipality. Among 141,077 births, 2,608 (1.8%) had birth defects. In a comparison between exposed (high color; chlorination) and reference groups (low color; no chlorination), the adjusted odds ratio was 1.14 (0.99-1.31) for any malformation, 1.26 (0.61-2.62) for neural tube defects, and 1.99 (1.10-3.57) for urinary tract defects. This study provides further evidence of the role of chlorination of humic water as a potential cause of birth defects, in a country with relatively low levels of chlorination byproducts.
对含有有机化合物的饮用水进行氯化处理会导致副产物的形成，其中一些已被证明具有致突变或致癌作用。然而，对于其对人类胎儿可能产生的致畸作用，我们目前了解得还很少。我们将包含1994年氯化处理实践和颜色（天然有机物的一个指标）数据的挪威自来水厂登记册与1993 - 1995年的医学出生登记册进行了关联。计算了每个市镇中接触氯化处理的人口比例以及饮用水中颜色的加权平均数。在141,077例出生中，有2,608例（1.8%）存在出生缺陷。在暴露组（高颜色；氯化处理）和参照组（低颜色；无氯化处理）的比较中，任何畸形的调整比值比为1.14（0.99 - 1.31），神经管缺陷为1.26（0.61 - 2.62），尿路缺陷为1.99（1.10 - 3.57）。在一个氯化副产物水平相对较低的国家，这项研究进一步证明了腐殖质水氯化处理作为出生缺陷潜在原因的作用。
