Hales D B, Diemer T, Hales K H
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612-7342, USA.
Endocrine. 1999 Jun;10(3):201-17. doi: 10.1007/BF02738619.
Inflammatory disease has been established to affect male reproductive function and fertility. Relevant inflammatory diseases include general and chronic infectious diseases as well as localized acute or chronic infections of the male genitourinary tract. Male accessory gland infections account for almost 15% of all cases of male infertility seen in infertility clinics while fertility usually is not a clinical objective among patients with acute systemic infections such as Gram-negative sepsis. Infections of the male accessory glands frequently are associated with increased counts of white blood cells in semen and elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in semen and the testis. There is a mounting body of evidence that demonstrates the importance of cytokines and chemokines in the regulation of testicular and glandular function during pathophysiological states as well as under normal physiological conditions when cytokines act as growth and differentiation factors. The purpose of this review is to examine the role of cytokines in the regulation of steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in the testis under physiological and pathophysiological conditions and considers clinical investigations that help to improve the evaluation and treatment of male infertility.
炎症性疾病已被证实会影响男性生殖功能和生育能力。相关的炎症性疾病包括全身性和慢性传染病以及男性泌尿生殖道的局部急性或慢性感染。男性附属腺感染在不孕不育诊所所见的男性不育病例中占近15%，而在诸如革兰氏阴性败血症等急性全身性感染患者中，生育能力通常并非临床目标。男性附属腺感染常与精液中白细胞计数增加以及精液和睾丸中促炎细胞因子水平升高有关。越来越多的证据表明，细胞因子和趋化因子在病理生理状态下以及在正常生理条件下（此时细胞因子充当生长和分化因子）调节睾丸和腺体功能方面具有重要作用。本综述的目的是研究细胞因子在生理和病理生理条件下对睾丸中类固醇生成和精子发生的调节作用，并探讨有助于改善男性不育评估和治疗的临床研究。
