Tudzynski B
Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1999 Sep;52(3):298-310. doi: 10.1007/s002530051524.
Gibberellins (GAs) are a large family of isoprenoid plant hormones hormones, some of which are bioactive growth regulators, controlling seed germination, stem elongation, and flowering. The rice pathogen Gibberella fujikuroi (mating population C) is able to produce large amounts of GAs, especially the bioactive compounds gibberellic acid (GA3) and its precursors, GA4 and GA7. The main steps of the biosynthetic pathway have long been established from the identification of intermediates in wild-type G. fujikuroi and mutant strains. However, the genetics of the fungus have been rather under-developed, and molecular genetic studies of the GA pathway started just recently. The progress in researching GA biosynthesis in the last 2 years resulted primarily from development of the molecular tools, e.g. transformation systems for the fungus, and cloning the genes encoding GA biosynthesis enzymes, such as the bifunctional ent-copalyl diphosphate/kaurene synthase and several cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. The availability of these genes opened new horizons both for detailed study of the pathway and the regulation mechanisms at the molecular level, and for modern strain improvement programs. This review gives a short overview of the well-known physiological and biochemical studies and concentrates mainly on the new molecular genetic data from GA research, including new information on the regulation of GA biosynthesis.
赤霉素（GAs）是一大类类异戊二烯植物激素，其中一些是具有生物活性的生长调节剂，可控制种子萌发、茎伸长和开花。水稻病原菌藤仓赤霉（交配群体C）能够产生大量的赤霉素，尤其是具有生物活性的化合物赤霉酸（GA3）及其前体GA4和GA7。长期以来，通过对野生型藤仓赤霉和突变菌株中间产物的鉴定，已经确定了生物合成途径的主要步骤。然而，该真菌的遗传学研究一直相当滞后，对赤霉素途径的分子遗传学研究直到最近才开始。过去两年中赤霉素生物合成研究的进展主要源于分子工具的开发，例如该真菌的转化系统，以及编码赤霉素生物合成酶基因的克隆，如双功能内根-贝壳杉烯二磷酸合酶/贝壳杉烯合酶和几种细胞色素P450单加氧酶。这些基因的获得为在分子水平上详细研究该途径及其调控机制以及现代菌株改良计划开辟了新的前景。本综述简要概述了著名的生理生化研究，主要集中在赤霉素研究的新分子遗传学数据上，包括赤霉素生物合成调控的新信息。
