Bobek P, Galbavý S
Research Institute of Nutrition, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
Nahrung. 1999 Oct;43(5):339-42. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3803(19991001)43:5<339::AID-FOOD339>3.0.CO;2-5.
The addition of 10% dried fruiting bodies of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) to the diet containing 1% of cholesterol reduced serum cholesterol levels by 65% and cholesterol content in liver, heart, long extensor muscle and aorta of male rabbits (Chinchilla) by 60, 47, 25 and 80%, respectively. The decrease in total serum cholesterol was affected primarily (by 70%) by reduced cholesterol content in very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) while the contribution of high density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol increased by a factor of 3. Oyster mushroom diet reduced by 60-70% the content of conjugated dienes in plasma, erythrocytes and liver, however, it did not affect significantly the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Oyster mushroom diet reduced significantly the incidence of atherosclerotic plaques as estimated by sudanophilia (absence of positive-reaction in 3 of 5 animals) as well as plaque size (26% vs. 2% of the area with positive reaction in control and oyster mushroom-treated animals, respectively). While all animals on control diet showed atherogenic changes in aorta, oyster mushroom diet prevented the development of these changes in three animals. Fatty streaks and fibromatous plaques were found in the remaining two animals from this group. Oyster mushroom prevented the formation of atheroma plaques (found in three cases from the control diet group) and reduced the incidence of segmental injury of coronary arteria and of focal fibrosis of myocardium. Oyster mushroom caused lower incidence of foam cells in all types of lesions.
在含1%胆固醇的饮食中添加10%的平菇（糙皮侧耳）子实体干品，可使雄性家兔（青紫蓝兔）的血清胆固醇水平降低65%，肝脏、心脏、股四头肌和主动脉中的胆固醇含量分别降低60%、47%、25%和80%。血清总胆固醇的降低主要（70%）是由于极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）中胆固醇含量减少，而高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇的贡献增加了3倍。平菇饮食可使血浆、红细胞和肝脏中共轭二烯的含量降低60 - 70%，然而，它对抗氧化酶的活性没有显著影响。通过苏丹染色法评估，平菇饮食可显著降低动脉粥样硬化斑块的发生率（5只动物中有3只无阳性反应）以及斑块大小（对照组和经平菇处理的动物中，阳性反应区域分别为26%和2%）。虽然所有食用对照饮食的动物主动脉都出现了致动脉粥样硬化变化，但平菇饮食可防止三只动物出现这些变化。在该组其余两只动物中发现了脂肪条纹和纤维瘤斑块。平菇可防止动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成（对照饮食组有3例出现），并降低冠状动脉节段性损伤和心肌局灶性纤维化的发生率。平菇可降低所有类型病变中泡沫细胞的发生率。
