Bobek P, Ozdín L, Kuniak L, Hromadová M
Výskumný ústav výzivy, Bratislava.
Cas Lek Cesk. 1997 Mar 19;136(6):186-90.
It is generally accepted that lowering of serum cholesterol levels reduces the risk of atherosclerosis. Identification and characterization of natural substances with hypocholesterolemic activity useful in dietetic prevention or treatment of hypercholesterolemia is still relevant in countries with persistent progression of hypercholesterolemia. Addition of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), an industrially produced wood-rotting fungus, to the diet effectively reduced cholesterol accumulation in serum and liver of rats fed a cholesterol diet. The aim of a series of experiments was to explain the biochemical mechanism of this effect.
Male Wistar rats fed a cholesterol (0.3%) diet shortly after weaning for a period of 8-10 weeks were used in the experiments. The addition of 5% of dried oyster mushroom to the diet had following effects: reduction of cholesterol level both in serum (5.12 +/- 0.55 vs. 3.44 +/- 0.16 mmol/l, p < 0.02) and liver (241 +/- 12 vs. 113 +/- 11 mmol/kg, p < 0.001); redistribution of cholesterol in favour of high-density lipoproteins; reduced production of very-low-density lipoproteins (135 +/- 7 vs. 96.5 +/- 5 mumol/h/kg, p < 0.001); reduced cholesterol absorption (61.2 +/- 2 vs. 53 +/- 2%, p < 0.02) and reduced HMG-CoA activity in liver (137 +/- 16 vs. 86 +/- 9 pmol/min/mg proteins, p < 0.02). Simultaneously, an increase in 7 alfa-hydroxylase activity in liver (17 +/- 1 vs. 22 +/- 1 pmol/min/mg proteins. p < 0.02) and bile acid excretion (7 +/- 0.9 vs. 11 +/- 0.5 mg/day/rat, p < 0.02) was observed. (Values shown are means +/- SEM.)
Biochemical mechanism of hypocholesterolemic effect of oyster mushroom on cholesterol-fed rats includes reduced production of cholesterol-rich very-low-density and low-density lipoproteins which principally determine cholesterol levels in serum. This effect is related to decreased absorption and biosynthesis of cholesterol together with increase in cholesterol catabolism and excretion of degradation products-bile acids.
普遍认为降低血清胆固醇水平可降低动脉粥样硬化风险。在高胆固醇血症持续进展的国家，鉴定和表征具有降胆固醇活性、可用于饮食预防或治疗高胆固醇血症的天然物质仍然具有重要意义。在饮食中添加平菇（糙皮侧耳），一种工业生产的木腐菌，可有效降低喂食胆固醇饮食的大鼠血清和肝脏中的胆固醇积累。一系列实验的目的是解释这种作用的生化机制。
实验使用刚断奶后短期喂食胆固醇（0.3%）饮食8 - 10周的雄性Wistar大鼠。在饮食中添加5%的干平菇具有以下作用：血清胆固醇水平降低（5.12±0.55 vs. 3.44±0.16 mmol/l，p < 0.02），肝脏胆固醇水平降低（241±12 vs. 113±11 mmol/kg，p < 0.001）；胆固醇重新分布，有利于高密度脂蛋白；极低密度脂蛋白产生减少（135±7 vs. 96.5±5 μmol/h/kg，p < 0.001）；胆固醇吸收减少（61.2±2 vs. 53±2%，p < 0.02），肝脏中HMG - CoA活性降低（137±16 vs. 86±9 pmol/min/mg蛋白质，p < 0.02）。同时，观察到肝脏中7α - 羟化酶活性增加（17±1 vs. 22±1 pmol/min/mg蛋白质，p < 0.02）以及胆汁酸排泄增加（7±0.9 vs. 11±0.5 mg/天/大鼠，p < 0.02）。（所示值为平均值±标准误）
平菇对喂食胆固醇大鼠的降胆固醇作用的生化机制包括减少富含胆固醇的极低密度和低密度脂蛋白的产生，这些脂蛋白主要决定血清中的胆固醇水平。这种作用与胆固醇吸收和生物合成减少以及胆固醇分解代谢增加和降解产物胆汁酸排泄增加有关。
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