Blundell J E, King N A
BioPsychology Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, United Kingdom.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999 Nov;31(11 Suppl):S573-83. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199911001-00015.
The evidence was reviewed on how physical activity could influence the regulation of food intake by either adjusting the sensitivity of appetite control mechanisms or by generating an energy deficit that could adjust the drive to eat.
Interventionist and correlational studies that had a significant influence on the relationship between physical activity and food intake were reviewed. Interventionist studies involve a deliberate imposition of physical activity with subsequent monitoring of the eating response. Correlational studies make use of naturally occurring differences in the levels of physical activity (between and within subjects) with simultaneous assessment of energy expenditure and intake.
Studies using lean, overweight, and obese men and women were included.
Only 19% of interventionist studies report an increase in energy intake after exercise; 65% show no change and 16% show a decrease in appetite. Of the correlational studies, approximately half show no relationship between energy expenditure and intake. These data indicate a rather loose coupling between energy expenditure and intake. A common sense view is that exercise is futile as a form of weight control because the energy deficit drives a compensatory increase in food intake. However, evidence shows that this is not generally true. One positive aspect of this is that raising energy expenditure through physical activity (or maintaining an active life style) can cause weight loss or prevent weight gain. A negative feature is that when people become sedentary after a period of high activity, food intake is not "down-regulated" to balance a reduced energy expenditure.
Evidence suggests that a high level of physical activity can aid weight control either by improving the matching of food intake to energy expenditure (regulation) or by raising expenditure so that it is difficult for people to eat themselves into a positive energy balance.
综述关于身体活动如何通过调节食欲控制机制的敏感性或产生能量亏空来影响食物摄入量调节的证据。
对身体活动与食物摄入量之间关系有显著影响的干预性和相关性研究进行综述。干预性研究包括刻意施加身体活动，随后监测饮食反应。相关性研究利用身体活动水平（个体间和个体内）的自然差异，同时评估能量消耗和摄入量。
纳入使用瘦、超重和肥胖男性及女性的研究。
只有19%的干预性研究报告运动后能量摄入量增加；65%无变化，16%显示食欲下降。在相关性研究中，约一半显示能量消耗与摄入量之间无关联。这些数据表明能量消耗与摄入量之间的耦合较为松散。一种常识性观点认为，运动作为一种控制体重的方式是徒劳的，因为能量亏空会促使食物摄入量代偿性增加。然而，证据表明情况通常并非如此。其积极的一面是，通过身体活动增加能量消耗（或保持积极的生活方式）可导致体重减轻或防止体重增加。消极的一面是，当人们在一段时间的高活动水平后变得久坐不动时，食物摄入量不会“下调”以平衡减少的能量消耗。
证据表明，高水平的身体活动可通过改善食物摄入量与能量消耗的匹配（调节）或增加能量消耗，使人们难以摄入导致正能量平衡的食物量来辅助体重控制。
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