Buguet A, Montmayeur A, Pigeau R, Naitoh P
Unité de physiologie de la vigilance, Centre de recherches du Service de santé des armées, La Tronche, France.
J Sleep Res. 1995 Dec;4(4):229-241. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.1995.tb00173.x.
Polysomnograms were obtained from 37 volunteers, before (baseline) and after (two consecutive recovery nights) a 64-h sleep deprivation, with (d-amphetamine or modafinil) or without (placebo) alerting substances. The drugs were administered at 23.00 hours during the first sleep deprivation night (after 17.5 h of wakefulness), to determine whether decrements in cognitive performance would be prevented; at 05.30 hours during the second night of sleep deprivation (after 47.5 h of wakefulness), to see whether performance would be restored; and at 15.30 hours during the third day of continuous work, to study effects on recovery sleep. The second recovery night served to verify whether drug-induced sleep disturbances on the first recovery night would carry over to a second night of sleep. Recovery sleep for the placebo group was as expected: the debt in slow-wave sleep (SWS) and REM sleep was paid back during the first recovery night, the rebound in SWS occurring mainly during the first half of the night, and that of REM sleep being distributed evenly across REM sleep episodes. Recovery sleep for the amphetamine group was also consistent with previously published work: increased sleep latency and intrasleep wakefulness, decreased total sleep time and sleep efficiency, alterations in stage shifts, Stage 1, Stage 2 and SWS, and decreased REM sleep with a longer REM sleep latency. For this group, REM sleep rebound was observed only during the second recovery night. Results for the modafinil group exhibited decreased time in bed and sleep period time, suggesting a reduced requirement for recovery sleep than for the other two groups. This group showed fewer disturbances during the first recovery night than the amphetamine group. In particular, there was no REM sleep deficit, with longer REM sleep episodes and a shorter REM latency, and the REM sleep rebound was limited to the first REM sleep episode. The difference with the amphetamine group was also marked by less NREM sleep and Stage 2 and more SWS episodes. No REM sleep rebound occurred during the second recovery night, which barely differed from placebo. Hence, modafinil allowed for sleep to occur, displayed sleep patterns close to that of the placebo group, and decreased the need for a long recovery sleep usually taken to compensate for the lost sleep due to total sleep deprivation.
对37名志愿者进行了多导睡眠图监测，监测时间分别为64小时睡眠剥夺前（基线）以及睡眠剥夺后（连续两个恢复夜晚），睡眠剥夺期间使用（右旋苯丙胺或莫达非尼）或不使用（安慰剂）提神物质。药物分别在睡眠剥夺第一晚的23:00（清醒17.5小时后）给药，以确定是否能预防认知能力下降；在睡眠剥夺第二晚的05:30（清醒47.5小时后）给药，观察能力是否恢复；在连续工作第三天的15:30给药，研究对恢复性睡眠的影响。第二个恢复夜晚用于验证第一个恢复夜晚药物引起的睡眠障碍是否会延续到第二个睡眠夜晚。安慰剂组的恢复性睡眠符合预期：慢波睡眠（SWS）和快速眼动睡眠（REM）的睡眠债在第一个恢复夜晚得到偿还，SWS的反弹主要发生在夜晚的前半段，REM睡眠的反弹则均匀分布在REM睡眠阶段。苯丙胺组的恢复性睡眠也与先前发表的研究结果一致：睡眠潜伏期延长、睡眠中觉醒增加、总睡眠时间和睡眠效率降低、睡眠阶段转换改变、第一阶段、第二阶段和SWS改变，REM睡眠减少且REM睡眠潜伏期延长。对于该组，仅在第二个恢复夜晚观察到REM睡眠反弹。莫达非尼组的结果显示卧床时间和睡眠时间减少，表明与其他两组相比，恢复性睡眠需求降低。该组在第一个恢复夜晚的干扰比苯丙胺组少。特别是，没有REM睡眠不足，REM睡眠时间更长且REM潜伏期更短，REM睡眠反弹仅限于第一个REM睡眠阶段。与苯丙胺组的差异还表现为非快速眼动睡眠、第二阶段睡眠减少，SWS阶段增多。第二个恢复夜晚没有出现REM睡眠反弹，与安慰剂组几乎没有差异。因此，莫达非尼能使人入睡，睡眠模式与安慰剂组相近，并减少了通常用于补偿完全睡眠剥夺导致的睡眠损失所需的长时间恢复性睡眠需求。
