Dinges DF
Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Center for Sleep & Respiratory Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
J Sleep Res. 1995 Dec;4(S2):4-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.1995.tb00220.x.
This paper reviews the association between neurobiologically-based sleepiness/fatigue and human-error related accidents. It concludes that fatigue contributes to human error and accidents in technology-rich, industrialized societies in terms of human, environmental and economic impacts. The cultural utilization of time as expressed in 24-h work operations, combined with the widespread use of automation, will continue to escalate in the next century, further increasing the risks of fatigue-related accidents, as more people conduct vigilance-based activities at times other than the traditional daytime work hours. Fatigue management and prevention of fatigue-related catastrophes need to become a sustained priority for government, industries, labour, and the public. Scientific data are urgently needed on the most likely areas in which sleepiness-related performance failures contribute to accidents, and on the effectiveness of a wide range of potentially useful countermeasures.
本文综述了基于神经生物学的困倦/疲劳与人为失误相关事故之间的关联。研究得出结论，就对人类、环境和经济的影响而言，疲劳会导致技术发达的工业化社会中的人为失误和事故。以24小时工作模式体现的时间的文化利用方式，再加上自动化的广泛应用，在下个世纪将继续升级，进一步增加与疲劳相关事故的风险，因为越来越多的人在传统白天工作时间之外进行基于警觉性的活动。疲劳管理以及预防与疲劳相关的灾难需要成为政府、行业、劳工和公众持续关注的重点。迫切需要获取科学数据，了解与困倦相关的性能故障最有可能在哪些领域导致事故，以及各种潜在有用的应对措施的有效性。
