Garbarino S, Traversa F, Spigno F
Police Health Service Department, Ministry of the Interior, Italy.
G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2012 Jul-Sep;34(3 Suppl):322-5.
Public health studies have shown that sleepiness at the wheel and other risks associated with sleep are responsible for 5% to 30% of road accidents, depending on the type of driver and/or road. In industrialized countries one-fifth of all traffic accidents can be ascribed to sleepiness behind the wheel. Sleep disorders and various common acute and chronic medical conditions together with lifestyles, extended work hours and prolonged wakefulness directly or indirectly affect the quality and quantity of one's sleep increasing the number of workers with sleep debt and staggered hours. These conditions may increase the risk of road accidents. Strategies to reduce this risk of both commercial and non-commercial drivers related to sleepiness include reliable diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders, management of chronobiological conflicts, adequate catch-up sleep, and countermeasures against sleepiness at the wheel. Road transport safety requires the adoption of occupational health measures, including risk assessment, health education, technical-environmental prevention and health surveillance.
公共卫生研究表明，驾驶时困倦以及与睡眠相关的其他风险导致了5%至30%的道路交通事故，具体比例取决于驾驶员类型和/或道路类型。在工业化国家，所有交通事故中有五分之一可归因于驾驶时困倦。睡眠障碍以及各种常见的急慢性疾病，连同生活方式、延长的工作时间和长时间的清醒，直接或间接地影响一个人的睡眠质量和时长，增加了有睡眠债和作息不规律的工人数量。这些情况可能会增加道路交通事故的风险。降低商业和非商业驾驶员因困倦而产生这种风险的策略包括对睡眠障碍进行可靠的诊断和治疗、管理生物钟冲突、充足的补觉以及应对驾驶时困倦的对策。道路运输安全需要采取职业健康措施，包括风险评估、健康教育、技术环境预防和健康监测。
