Tidey J W, O'Neill S C, Higgins S T
Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, 05401, USA.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 1999 Nov;7(4):347-53. doi: 10.1037//1064-1297.7.4.347.
The authors of this study examined the effects of brief smoking abstinence on smoking among 6 individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Before 6 of 12 experimental sessions, participants were required to provide breath carbon monoxide (CO) samples indicative of smoking abstinence; before the remaining sessions, participants provided CO samples indicating no abstinence. During sessions, participants obtained smoking opportunities (2 puffs/opportunity) under either fixed ratio-1 or progressive ratio (PR) schedules of reinforcement. Abstinence increased smoking under both schedules and increased breakpoint for smoking under the PR schedule. These data offer further evidence that smoking by individuals with schizophrenia is orderly, operant behavior that is modulated, at least in part, by variables that also affect smoking in people without major mental illness.
本研究的作者考察了短期戒烟对6名精神分裂症或分裂情感性障碍患者吸烟行为的影响。在12次实验环节中的6次之前，参与者需要提供表明已戒烟的呼气一氧化碳（CO）样本；在其余环节之前，参与者提供的CO样本表明未戒烟。在实验环节中，参与者在固定比率-1或累进比率（PR）强化程序下获得吸烟机会（每次机会吸两口）。在两种程序下，戒烟都会增加吸烟量，并且在PR程序下会增加吸烟的断点。这些数据进一步证明，精神分裂症患者的吸烟行为是有序的操作性行为，至少部分受到那些也会影响无重大精神疾病者吸烟行为的变量的调节。
