Perkins K A, Grobe J, Fonte C
Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 1997 Aug;5(3):277-85. doi: 10.1037//1064-1297.5.3.277.
The reinforcing value of smoking (i.e., the degree to which a smoker will work to obtain smoking) after varying the magnitude of prior smoke exposure in smokers not trying to quit was examined. Eight men and 8 women participated in 5 sessions involving manipulation of prior exposure to smoking: 0, 2, 6, or 12 puffs after overnight smoking abstinence or ad-lib smoking before the session. After exposure, participants engaged in a computer task involving concurrent schedules of reinforcement for smoke puffs (16% all trials) versus money (4-64%). Only the greatest amount of prior exposure (ad lib) produced a significant reduction in subsequent responding for smoke puffs. No exposure condition significantly increased responding above that for 0 puffs, indicating no priming effect. By contrast, self-report measures of desire to smoke and amount of money participants would pay for a cigarette declined sharply with greater prior exposure. These measures were correlated only weakly with smoke-reinforced responding on the behavioral task, suggesting that subjective versus behavioral measures assess different dimensions of smoking's reward value.
研究了在不试图戒烟的吸烟者中，改变先前吸烟暴露量后吸烟的强化价值（即吸烟者为获得吸烟而努力的程度）。8名男性和8名女性参与了5个阶段的实验，这些阶段涉及对先前吸烟暴露的控制：在过夜戒烟后或在实验前随意吸烟后，分别给予0、2、6或12口的吸烟量。暴露后，参与者进行一项计算机任务，该任务涉及对吸烟（所有试验的16%）与金钱（4%-64%）的并发强化程序。只有最大量的先前暴露（随意吸烟）导致随后对吸烟的反应显著减少。没有暴露条件能使反应显著高于0口时的反应，这表明没有启动效应。相比之下，随着先前暴露量的增加，自我报告的吸烟欲望和参与者愿意为一支香烟支付的金钱数量急剧下降。这些测量结果与行为任务中吸烟强化的反应仅存在微弱的相关性，这表明主观测量与行为测量评估了吸烟奖励价值的不同维度。
