Simcox N J, Camp J, Kalman D, Stebbins A, Bellamy G, Lee I C, Fenske R
Field Research and Consultation Group, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.
Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1999 Nov-Dec;60(6):752-61. doi: 10.1080/00028899908984498.
The purpose of this study was to characterize worker exposure to azinphos-methyl (Guthion) over an entire 4-6 week apple-thinning season. Twenty workers from three work sites in the Chelan-Douglas County region of Washington state were recruited for the study. Exposure potential was estimated by dislodgeable foliar residue measurements, and individual exposures were estimated by biological monitoring through urinary metabolites. Measureable azinphos-methyl residues were found on apple foliage at all sites throughout the six-week sampling period, indicating continuous exposure potential (median residue level of 0.5 microgram/cm2). Measurable levels of the urinary dialkylphosphate metabolite, DMTP, were found in virtually all urine samples (limit of detection = 0.04 microgram/mL). Mean DMTP concentrations differed significantly across sites (0.53, 0.29, and 0.90 microgram/mL for Sites 1-3, respectively; analysis of variance, p < .002), and intraindividual variability was much greater than interindividual differences. Group mean DMTP concentrations at each site fluctuated according to foliar residue levels. Measurable DMTP concentrations were found in 9% of reference workers, ranging from 0.04-0.18 microgram/mL. Cholinesterase activity levels monitored with a field test kit were not considered reliable due to temperature changes of the instrument.
本研究的目的是描述在整个4 - 6周的苹果疏果季节中，工人接触谷硫磷（Guthion）的情况。从华盛顿州 Chelan - Douglas 县地区的三个工作地点招募了20名工人参与该研究。通过可去除叶面残留量测量来估计接触可能性，通过对尿液代谢物进行生物监测来估计个体接触量。在为期六周的采样期内，所有地点的苹果树叶上均发现了可测量的谷硫磷残留，表明存在持续接触的可能性（残留水平中位数为0.5微克/平方厘米）。几乎所有尿液样本中都检测到了可测量水平的尿中二烷基磷酸酯代谢物DMTPTP（检测限 = 0.04微克/毫升）。各地点的DMTP平均浓度差异显著（地点1 - 3的平均浓度分别为0.53、0.29和0.90微克/毫升；方差分析，p < 0.002），个体内变异性远大于个体间差异。每个地点的组平均DMTP浓度随叶面残留水平波动。在9%的参比工人中检测到了可测量的DMTP浓度，范围为0.04 - 0.18微克/毫升。由于仪器温度变化，使用现场测试试剂盒监测的胆碱酯酶活性水平不可靠。
