Nwosu S N
Department of Ophthalmology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria.
Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2000 Mar;7(1):41-8.
To determine the prevalence and pattern of retinal diseases at the Guinness Eye Hospital, Onitsha, Nigeria.
This was a prospective study. All new patients seen by the author at the outpatients clinic of the Guinness Eye Hospital, Onitsha, Nigeria were examined for evidence of retinal diseases, using the Snellen chart, tonometry, indirect ophthalmoscopy after full mydriasis, slit-lamp examination with a 78D non-contact fundus lens, fundus contact lens examination, and slit-lamp examination of the anterior segment. Ancillary tests performed, as applicable, included Mantoux, skin-snip, hemoglobin genotype, urinalysis, fasting blood sugar, oral glucose tolerance test, full blood count, platelet count, ESR, VDRL, and HIV tests.
8.1% of the patients had retinal diseases. The leading retinal diseases were age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, retinal tears/detachment, retinitis pigmentosa and retinochoroiditis with epiretinal membrane. ARMD, diabetic retinopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa often caused bilateral lesions. Bilateral blindness was present in 14% and bilateral visual impairment in 16%, with macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa and retinal vascular diseases as major causes.
Retinal diseases may be a significant cause of blindness and visual impairment in this part of Nigeria. Since most of the diseases are treatable with laser and vitrectomy techniques, it is recommended that these facilities be provided in all major eye hospitals in the area.
确定尼日利亚奥尼查吉尼斯眼科医院视网膜疾病的患病率及模式。
这是一项前瞻性研究。作者在尼日利亚奥尼查吉尼斯眼科医院门诊所见的所有新患者，均接受了视网膜疾病检查，检查方法包括使用斯内伦视力表、眼压测量、充分散瞳后的间接检眼镜检查、使用78D非接触式眼底镜的裂隙灯检查、眼底接触镜检查以及前段的裂隙灯检查。视情况进行的辅助检查包括结核菌素试验、皮肤活检、血红蛋白基因型检测、尿液分析、空腹血糖、口服葡萄糖耐量试验、全血细胞计数、血小板计数、红细胞沉降率、性病研究实验室试验及艾滋病毒检测。
8.1%的患者患有视网膜疾病。主要的视网膜疾病为年龄相关性黄斑变性（ARMD）、糖尿病性视网膜病变、视网膜静脉阻塞、视网膜裂孔/脱离、色素性视网膜炎以及伴有视网膜前膜的视网膜脉络膜炎。ARMD、糖尿病性视网膜病变和色素性视网膜炎常导致双侧病变。14%的患者存在双侧失明，16%的患者存在双侧视力损害，主要病因是黄斑变性、色素性视网膜炎和视网膜血管疾病。
视网膜疾病可能是尼日利亚这一地区失明和视力损害的重要原因。由于大多数疾病可用激光和玻璃体切割技术治疗，建议该地区所有主要眼科医院都配备这些设备。
