Nekrassova L S, Chudnaya L M, Marievski V F, Oksiuk V G, Gladkaya E, Bortnitska I I, Mercer D J, Kreysler J V, Golaz A
First Deputy Minister of Public Health, Chief State Sanitary Doctor of Ukraine, Ministry of Health, Kiev, Ukraine.
J Infect Dis. 2000 Feb;181 Suppl 1:S35-40. doi: 10.1086/315536.
In 1991, Ukraine experienced a return of epidemic diphtheria after decades of control that had resulted in <40 sporadic cases reported every year. Increased incidence was first recorded in Kiev, Lviv, and Odessa. By 1993, the epidemic had spread to >50% of the oblasts (provinces) in the country, and by 1995, all regions were affected. In 1995, at the peak of the epidemic, >5,000 cases and >200 deaths were reported. As in Russia, >80% of these cases were diagnosed in persons 16-59 years old. In 1993, the government of Ukraine initiated a program of increased immunization among children and at-risk adults, and by 1995, a mass immunization strategy was adopted in an effort to arrest the epidemic, which was increasing exponentially. In 1996, the number of cases started to decrease, and data from 1998 indicate that the downward trend has continued. It is likely that the diphtheria epidemic in Ukraine started among children, who had been left vulnerable due to inadequate childhood immunizations, and then quickly spread to inadequately protected adults.
1991年，乌克兰在历经数十年的控制后，白喉疫情再度爆发。此前每年报告的散发病例不足40例。发病率上升首先在基辅、利沃夫和敖德萨被记录下来。到1993年，疫情已蔓延至该国超过50%的州（省），到1995年，所有地区都受到影响。1995年，在疫情高峰期，报告了超过5000例病例和超过200例死亡。与俄罗斯一样，这些病例中超过80%是在16至59岁的人群中确诊的。1993年，乌克兰政府启动了一项针对儿童和高危成年人加强免疫的计划，到1995年，为遏制呈指数级增长的疫情，采取了大规模免疫策略。1996年，病例数开始下降，1998年的数据表明下降趋势仍在持续。乌克兰的白喉疫情很可能始于儿童，由于儿童期免疫接种不足，他们变得易受感染，随后迅速传播到保护不足的成年人中。
