Niyazmatov B I, Shefer A, Grabowsky M, Vitek C R
Ministry of Health, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
J Infect Dis. 2000 Feb;181 Suppl 1:S104-9. doi: 10.1086/315548.
The Republic of Uzbekistan, like the other Newly Independent States in the 1990s, experienced epidemic diphtheria during the 1990s. The outbreak in Uzbekistan began in 1993 in southern regions that bordered areas of Tajikistan that were experiencing a very intense diphtheria epidemic. However, the Uzbek epidemic rapidly spread and threatened to involve the entire country. From 1993-1996, 1169 cases of diphtheria were reported, compared with 58 in 1990-1992. Unvaccinated or only partially vaccinated cases were more likely to have clinically severe forms of diphtheria than those who were fully vaccinated. Strong epidemiologic links with the Tajik diphtheria epidemic and the predominance of mitis biotype strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in Uzbekistan make it likely that the Uzbek outbreak arose independently of the predominantly biotype gravis epidemic that began in Russia. The epidemic appeared to be due to low population immunity and the large-scale reintroduction of toxigenic strains of C. diphtheriae. Several mass vaccination campaigns and general enhancement of routine immunization procedures led to control of the epidemic in 1996.
与20世纪90年代的其他新独立国家一样，乌兹别克斯坦在20世纪90年代经历了白喉流行。乌兹别克斯坦的疫情于1993年在与塔吉克斯坦疫情极为严重的地区接壤的南部地区爆发。然而，乌兹别克斯坦的疫情迅速蔓延，有波及全国的危险。1993年至1996年，报告了1169例白喉病例，而1990年至1992年为58例。未接种疫苗或仅部分接种疫苗的病例比完全接种疫苗的病例更易出现临床严重型白喉。与塔吉克斯坦白喉疫情的紧密流行病学联系以及乌兹别克斯坦白喉棒状杆菌轻型生物型菌株占主导地位，使得乌兹别克斯坦的疫情很可能独立于始于俄罗斯的主要为重生物型的疫情。此次疫情似乎是由于人群免疫力低下以及白喉产毒株的大规模重新引入。几次大规模疫苗接种运动以及常规免疫程序的全面加强导致疫情在1996年得到控制。
