Usonis V, Bakasenas V, Morkunas B, Valentelis R, Ching P, Kreysler J
Center of Pediatrics, Vilnius University, LT 2009 Vilnius, Lithuania (Lietuva).
J Infect Dis. 2000 Feb;181 Suppl 1:S55-9. doi: 10.1086/315539.
Diphtheria reappeared in Lithuania in 1986 and rose to epidemic levels by 1992. Between 1991 and 1996, 110 cases of diphtheria were registered, with an incidence of 0.03-1.15/100,000 population. Most cases (84%) and all 17 deaths occurred among persons >/=15 years, most of whom had never been vaccinated. Persons 40-49 years old had the highest average annual age-specific morbidity (1.70/100,000) and mortality (0.53/100,000) rates. Low levels of immunity among individuals 40-49 years old and migration to epidemic areas in Russia and Belarus contributed to the epidemic's occurrence. Between 1991 and 1995, toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains were isolated from 84 of all registered patients (76%), and nontoxigenic strains were isolated from 13 (12%). By 1996, two mass vaccination campaigns, which provided one dose of vaccine to individuals 25-30 years old and three doses of vaccine to persons 31-60 years old, helped reduce the number of cases. The first campaign achieved 69% coverage; the second achieved 48% coverage.
1986年，白喉在立陶宛再度出现，到1992年疫情上升至流行水平。1991年至1996年期间，共登记了110例白喉病例，发病率为0.03-1.15/10万人口。大多数病例（84%）以及全部17例死亡病例均发生在15岁及以上人群中，其中大多数人从未接种过疫苗。40-49岁人群的平均年度年龄别发病率（1.70/10万）和死亡率（0.53/10万）最高。40-49岁人群免疫力低下以及向俄罗斯和白俄罗斯疫区的移民导致了疫情的发生。1991年至1995年期间，在所有登记患者中，84例（76%）分离出产毒白喉棒状杆菌菌株，13例（12%）分离出无毒菌株。到1996年，开展了两次大规模疫苗接种运动，为25-30岁人群接种一剂疫苗，为31-60岁人群接种三剂疫苗，这有助于减少病例数量。第一次运动的覆盖率达到69%；第二次运动的覆盖率达到48%。
