Taylor D M
Neuropathogenesis Unit, Institute for Animal Health, Edinburgh, UK.
J Hosp Infect. 1999 Dec;43 Suppl:S69-76. doi: 10.1016/s0195-6701(99)90067-1.
Prions are very resistant to inactivation, and accidental transmission has occurred through the use of inadequate decontamination procedures. Strong sodium hypochiorite solutions achieve inactivation but other chlorine-releasing compounds are less effective. 2M sodium hydroxide leads to substantial but incomplete inactivation; other chemical procedures such as the use of proprietary phenolic disinfectants are much less less effective. Infectivity can survive autoclaving at 132-138 degrees C, and under certain conditions the effectiveness of autoclaving actually declines as the temperature is increased. The small resistant subpopulations that survive autoclaving are not inactivated by simply re-autoclaving, and they acquire biological characteristics that differentiate them from the main population. Despite the limitations of autoclaving, combining autoclaving (even at 121 degrees C) with a sodium hydroxide treatment is extremely effective. Protein-fixation (e.g., by ethanol or formalin) substantially enhances the thermostability of these agents. This suggests that future successful inactivation strategies might best be developed by studying procedures that avoid protein-fixation.
朊病毒对失活具有很强的抵抗力，并且由于使用了不充分的去污程序而发生了意外传播。强次氯酸钠溶液可实现失活，但其他含氯释放化合物的效果较差。2M氢氧化钠可导致显著但不完全的失活；其他化学程序，如使用专利酚类消毒剂，效果要差得多。传染性可在132-138摄氏度的高压灭菌下存活，并且在某些情况下，随着温度升高，高压灭菌的效果实际上会下降。在高压灭菌中存活的小抗性亚群不会通过简单的再次高压灭菌而失活，并且它们获得了使其与主要群体区分开来的生物学特性。尽管高压灭菌存在局限性，但将高压灭菌（即使在121摄氏度）与氢氧化钠处理相结合非常有效。蛋白质固定（例如通过乙醇或福尔马林）会显著提高这些病原体的热稳定性。这表明未来成功的失活策略可能最好通过研究避免蛋白质固定的程序来开发。
