Paus R, Christoph T, Müller-Röver S
Department of Dermatology, Charité, Humboldt-University Berlin, Germany.
J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 1999 Dec;4(3):226-34. doi: 10.1038/sj.jidsp.5640217.
This paper delineates briefly why the immunology of the hair follicle matters (e.g., anti-infection defense, hair growth control by immunomodulatory agents, sequestration of follicular autoantigens), and which open key questions await clarification. We then focus on the murine hair follicle immune system (HIS) and its immune privilege. We show how the murine HIS is gradually constructed during hair follicle morphogenesis, and how it is transformed during hair follicle cycling. Key characteristics of the HIS are summarized, such as the absence of MHC class I expression in the anagen hair bulb and the very restricted distribution of antigen-presenting cells and intraepithelial T cells to the distal outer root sheath, which also expresses nonclassical MHC class Ib molecules. The interconnections between the HIS and the skin immune system (SIS) and potential hair growth-modulatory roles of mast cells and macrophages are addressed, and very recent findings on the human HIS are summarized. The paper closes by sketching immunobiologic, clinical, and pharmacologic perspectives in trichoimmunology that deserve the attention of immunologists, dermatologists, and hair biologists alike.
本文简要阐述了毛囊免疫学为何重要（例如，抗感染防御、免疫调节因子对毛发生长的控制、毛囊自身抗原的隔离），以及哪些关键问题有待阐明。然后，我们聚焦于小鼠毛囊免疫系统（HIS）及其免疫赦免。我们展示了小鼠HIS在毛囊形态发生过程中是如何逐渐构建的，以及在毛囊周期中是如何转变的。总结了HIS的关键特征，如生长期毛球中缺乏MHC I类分子表达，抗原呈递细胞和上皮内T细胞非常局限地分布于远端外根鞘，而远端外根鞘也表达非经典MHC Ib类分子。探讨了HIS与皮肤免疫系统（SIS）之间的相互联系，以及肥大细胞和巨噬细胞潜在的毛发生长调节作用，并总结了关于人类HIS的最新研究结果。本文最后概述了毛发免疫学中的免疫生物学、临床和药理学观点，值得免疫学家、皮肤科医生和毛发生物学家关注。
