Belousova E G, Toelle B G, Xuan W, Peat J K
Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Sydney, NSW.
Aust N Z J Med. 1999 Dec;29(6):794-800. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.1999.tb00782.x.
To assess accurately the effect of parental smoking on the respiratory health of New South Wales (NSW) school children, we obtained a large data set by pooling data from seven cross-sectional studies conducted in NSW between 1991 and 1993.
A random sample of 6394 children age eight to 11 years was studied. Respiratory symptoms, family history of asthma and parental smoking history were measured by questionnaire, atopy by skin prick test and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) by histamine inhalation test.
In total, 58.3% of children had at least one parent who smoked; 38.5% were exposed to maternal smoking. After adjusting for potential confounders, such as atopy, parental history of asthma and bronchitis in the first two years, children who were exposed to maternal smoking had a significantly increased risk of recent wheeze but not of AHR (odds ratios 1.33; 95% CI: 1.2-1.5 and 1.00; 95% CI: 0.9-1.2).
The positive association with wheeze and the lack of an association with AHR suggests that exposure to parental smoking leads to wheezing, but does not increase airway responsiveness.
为准确评估父母吸烟对新南威尔士州（NSW）学童呼吸健康的影响，我们通过汇总1991年至1993年在新南威尔士州进行的七项横断面研究的数据，获得了一个大型数据集。
对6394名8至11岁的儿童进行随机抽样研究。通过问卷调查来测量呼吸症状、哮喘家族史和父母吸烟史，通过皮肤点刺试验测量特应性，通过组胺吸入试验测量气道高反应性（AHR）。
总体而言，58.3%的儿童至少有一位吸烟的父母；38.5%的儿童暴露于母亲吸烟环境中。在对潜在混杂因素进行调整后，例如特应性、父母在头两年的哮喘和支气管炎病史，暴露于母亲吸烟环境中的儿童近期喘息风险显著增加，但气道高反应性风险未增加（比值比1.33；95%置信区间：1.2 - 1.5和1.00；95%置信区间：0.9 - 1.2）。
与喘息的正相关以及与气道高反应性缺乏关联表明，暴露于父母吸烟环境会导致喘息，但不会增加气道反应性。
