Treatment of ulcerative colitis.

In recent years new standards for the treatment of ulcerative colitis have evolved. This review updates evidence based therapy for the various clinical situations as well as some novel approaches. The literature search was based on Medline, Cochrane database (CD-ROM) and handsearch of relevant papers including quoted literature. There is clear-cut evidence-based support for the use of local 5-aminosalicylates in mild/moderate distal and oral 5-aminosalicylates in extensive ulcerative colitis. The administration of corticosteroids is definitely indicated in severe disease. Fulminant attacks are treated by intravenous cyclosporine or colectomy. In chronic active disease azathioprine is probably helpful. Relapse prevention again is a domain of 5-aminosalicylates or, as a novel development, E. coli Nissle. The various meta-analyses as well as the controlled trials performed in the various clinical situations typical for the manifestations of ulcerative colitis form a solid base of evidence to guide individual treatment decisions.