Seeger C, Mason W S
Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2000 Mar;64(1):51-68. doi: 10.1128/MMBR.64.1.51-68.2000.
Hepadnaviruses (hepatitis B viruses) cause transient and chronic infections of the liver. Transient infections run a course of several months, and chronic infections are often lifelong. Chronic infections can lead to liver failure with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The replication strategy of these viruses has been described in great detail, but virus-host interactions leading to acute and chronic disease are still poorly understood. Studies on how the virus evades the immune response to cause prolonged transient infections with high-titer viremia and lifelong infections with an ongoing inflammation of the liver are still at an early stage, and the role of the virus in liver cancer is still elusive. The state of knowledge in this very active field is therefore reviewed with an emphasis on past accomplishments as well as goals for the future.
嗜肝DNA病毒（乙肝病毒）可引起肝脏的短暂性和慢性感染。短暂性感染病程持续数月，而慢性感染往往是终身的。慢性感染可导致伴有肝硬化和肝细胞癌的肝衰竭。这些病毒的复制策略已得到详细描述，但导致急性和慢性疾病的病毒与宿主的相互作用仍知之甚少。关于病毒如何逃避免疫反应以导致高滴度病毒血症的长期短暂性感染和肝脏持续炎症的终身感染的研究仍处于早期阶段，病毒在肝癌中的作用仍不明确。因此，本文对这个非常活跃的领域的知识现状进行了综述，重点是过去的成就以及未来的目标。
