Waller A E, Daniels J L, Weaver N L, Robinson P
Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599-7594, USA.
JAMA. 2000 Mar 8;283(10):1326-8. doi: 10.1001/jama.283.10.1326.
In the sport of horse racing, the position of the jockey and speed of the horse predispose the jockey to risk of injury.
To estimate rates of medically treated injuries among professional jockeys and identify patterns of injury events.
Cross-sectional survey from data compiled by an insurance broker. Information on the cause of injury, location on the track, and body part injured was evaluated.
Official races at US professional racing facilities (n = 114) from January 1, 1993, through December 31, 1996.
A licensed jockey population of approximately 2700 persons.
Annual injury incidence rates per 1000 jockey-years, as well as injury type, cause, and location on the track.
A total of 6545 injury events occurred during official races between 1993 and 1996 (606 per 1000 jockey-years). Nearly 1 in 5 injuries (18.8%) was to the jockey's head or neck. Other frequent sites included the leg (15.5%), foot/ankle (10.7%), back (10.7%), arm/hand (11.0%), and shoulder (9.6%). The most frequent location where injuries occurred was entering, within, or leaving the starting gate (35.1%), including 29.5% of head injuries, 39.8% of arm/hand injuries, and 52.0% of injuries to the leg/foot. Most head injuries resulted from being thrown from the horse (41.8%) or struck by the horse's head (23.2%). Being thrown from the horse was the cause of 55.1% of back and 49.6% of chest injuries.
Our data suggest that jockeys have a high injury rate. Efforts are needed to reduce the number of potential injury events on the track and to improve protective equipment so events do not lead to injury.
在赛马运动中，骑师的位置和马的速度使骑师容易受伤。
估计职业骑师接受医学治疗的损伤发生率，并确定损伤事件的模式。
对保险经纪人汇编的数据进行横断面调查。评估了损伤原因、赛道位置和受伤身体部位的信息。
1993年1月1日至1996年12月31日在美国职业赛马场举行的官方比赛（n = 114）。
约2700名持牌骑师。
每1000骑师年的年度损伤发生率，以及损伤类型、原因和赛道位置。
1993年至1996年官方比赛期间共发生6545起损伤事件（每1000骑师年606起）。近五分之一的损伤（18.8%）发生在骑师的头部或颈部。其他常见部位包括腿部（15.5%）、足/踝部（10.7%）、背部（10.7%）、手臂/手部（11.0%）和肩部（9.6%）。损伤最常发生的位置是进入、在或离开起跑门时（35.1%），包括29.5%的头部损伤、39.8%的手臂/手部损伤以及52.0%的腿部/足部损伤。大多数头部损伤是由于被马甩落（41.8%）或被马的头部撞击（23.2%）。被马甩落是55.1%的背部损伤和49.6%的胸部损伤的原因。
我们的数据表明骑师的损伤发生率很高。需要努力减少赛道上潜在损伤事件的数量，并改进防护装备，以使事件不会导致损伤。
