Rolls B J
Nutrition Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802-6501, USA.
J Nutr. 2000 Feb;130(2S Suppl):268S-271S. doi: 10.1093/jn/130.2.268S.
In recent years, research has focused on why fat is so readily overconsumed. Although the palatability of many high fat foods can encourage overconsumption, another possibility is that fat is not very satiating. A number of studies have compared the effects of fat and carbohydrate on both satiation (the amount eaten in a meal) and satiety (the effect on subsequent intake), but have found little difference between these macronutrients when the palatability and energy density were similar. On the other hand, the energy density of foods has been demonstrated to have a robust and significant effect on both satiety and satiation, independently of palatability and macronutrient content. It is likely that the high energy density of many high fat foods facilitates the overconsumption of fat. An understanding of the role that the energy density of foods plays in the regulation of food intake should lead to better dietary management of hunger and satiety in conditions associated with both over- and underconsumption of energy, such as obesity and anorexia.
近年来，研究聚焦于为何脂肪如此容易被过度摄入。尽管许多高脂肪食物的美味会促使人们过度进食，但另一种可能性是脂肪的饱腹感不强。一些研究比较了脂肪和碳水化合物对饱腹感（一餐中进食的量）和饱足感（对后续摄入量的影响）的作用，但发现当美味程度和能量密度相似时，这些宏量营养素之间几乎没有差异。另一方面，已证明食物的能量密度对饱足感和饱腹感都有强大且显著的影响，与美味程度和宏量营养素含量无关。很可能许多高脂肪食物的高能量密度助长了脂肪的过度摄入。了解食物能量密度在食物摄入量调节中所起的作用，应该会在能量摄入过多和过少相关的情况（如肥胖症和厌食症）下，更好地从饮食方面管理饥饿和饱腹感。
