Ferguson S A, Wells J K, Williams A F
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Arlington, VA 22201-4751, USA.
Inj Prev. 2000 Mar;6(1):24-8. doi: 10.1136/ip.6.1.24.
Because of risks from deploying airbags to children in front seats, extensive publicity has been aimed at getting them restrained and in rear seats. The objective of this study was to assess restraint use and seating positions among children in vehicles with and without airbags.
Surveys were conducted in cities in Michigan, North Carolina, and Texas 1998. Restraint use and seating position were noted for all children, as well as their estimated age, driver belt use, airbag presence, and vehicle license plate number.
Fewer children were observed in the front seats of vehicles with passenger airbags (24%) than in vehicles without them (36%). Most of the children seated in front were ages 7-12 (44%-61%), followed by 3-6 year olds (29%-35%). Very few children ages 0-2 were seated in front (5%-12%). The overwhelming majority of children ages 0-2 were restrained. However, children ages 3-6 seated in the front were least likely to be restrained and most likely to be improperly restrained. Restraint use was higher when the driver was belted, but about 30% of 3-6 year olds were unrestrained even with a belted driver.
Efforts should continue to educate parents about the importance of correct restraint use and rear seating for children, particularly once children move from child safety seats into adult belts. Efforts also should be made to enforce the seat belt laws that exist in every state.
由于在前排座位给儿童使用安全气囊存在风险，已开展广泛宣传，旨在让儿童受到约束并坐在后排座位。本研究的目的是评估配备和未配备安全气囊车辆中儿童的约束使用情况和座位位置。
1998年在密歇根州、北卡罗来纳州和得克萨斯州的城市进行了调查。记录了所有儿童的约束使用情况和座位位置，以及他们的估计年龄、驾驶员安全带使用情况、安全气囊配备情况和车辆牌照号码。
与未配备乘客安全气囊的车辆相比，配备乘客安全气囊的车辆前排座位上的儿童较少（24%）。坐在前排的大多数儿童年龄在7至12岁之间（44%-61%），其次是3至6岁的儿童（29%-35%）。0至2岁的儿童很少坐在前排（5%-12%）。绝大多数0至2岁的儿童受到了约束。然而，坐在前排的3至6岁儿童受到约束的可能性最小，且最有可能受到不当约束。当驾驶员系上安全带时，约束使用率更高，但即使驾驶员系着安全带，仍有大约30%的3至6岁儿童未受到约束。
应继续努力教育家长正确使用约束装置和让儿童坐在后排座位的重要性，尤其是当儿童从儿童安全座椅过渡到成人安全带时。还应努力执行每个州都存在的安全带法律。
