Braver E R, Whitfield R, Ferguson S A
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Arlington, VA 22201, USA.
Inj Prev. 1998 Sep;4(3):181-7. doi: 10.1136/ip.4.3.181.
To determine the effects of seating position, combined with restraint use and airbag status, on children's risk of dying in crashes.
Using 1988-95 data from the United States Fatality Analysis Reporting System, risk of death was compared among front and rear seated passengers aged 12 and younger who were involved in fatal crashes for different categories of restraint use and in vehicles with and without passenger airbags.
Restrained children in rear seats had the lowest risk of dying in fatal crashes. Among children seated in the rear, risk of death was reduced 35% in vehicles without any airbags, 31% in vehicles equipped only with driver airbags, and 46% in vehicles with passenger airbags. Both restrained and unrestrained children aged 0-12 were at lower risk of dying in rear seats. Rear seats also afforded additional protection to children aged 5-12 restrained only with lap belts compared with lap/shoulder belted children in front seats. Children were about 10-20% less likely to die in rear center than in rear outboard positions.
Parents and others who transport children should be strongly encouraged to place infants and children in rear seats whether or not vehicles have airbags. Existing laws requiring restraint use by children should be strengthened and actively enforced.
确定就座位置、安全带使用情况及安全气囊状态对儿童在撞车事故中死亡风险的影响。
利用美国死亡分析报告系统1988 - 1995年的数据，比较了12岁及以下在致命撞车事故中涉及不同类别安全带使用情况以及乘坐有无乘客安全气囊车辆的前排和后排乘客的死亡风险。
坐在后排且系安全带的儿童在致命撞车事故中死亡风险最低。在坐在后排的儿童中，在没有任何安全气囊的车辆中死亡风险降低了35%，在仅配备驾驶员安全气囊的车辆中降低了31%，在有乘客安全气囊的车辆中降低了46%。0至12岁系安全带和未系安全带的儿童坐在后排时死亡风险均较低。与坐在前排系肩带/腰带的儿童相比，仅系腰带的5至12岁儿童坐在后排时也能获得额外保护。儿童坐在后排中间位置比坐在后排外侧位置死亡可能性低约10%至20%。
应大力鼓励运送儿童的家长及其他人，无论车辆是否有安全气囊，都要将婴幼儿和儿童安置在后排座位。现有的要求儿童使用安全带的法律应予以加强并积极执行。
