Lepore S J, Ragan J D, Jones S
Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, New York 11210, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2000 Mar;78(3):499-508. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.78.3.499.
The authors examined the influence of talking and the social context of talking on cognitive-emotional processes of adjustment to stressors. Two hundred fifty-six undergraduates viewed a stressful stimulus and were then assigned to a no-talk control condition or 1 of 3 talk conditions: talk alone, talk to a validating confederate, or talk to an invalidating confederate. Two days later, they were reexposed to the stressor. Compared with individuals in the no-talk condition, those in the talk alone and validate conditions had a lower level of intrusive thoughts in the 2-day interim, and they had lower perceived stress when reexposed to the stressor. The effects of talking and validation on perceived stress appeared to be mediated by lowered intrusions. The benefits of talking were diluted when disclosures were invalidated. These findings suggest that talking about acute stressors can facilitate adjustment to stressors through cognitive resolution.
作者研究了交谈以及交谈的社会背景对适应压力源的认知-情绪过程的影响。256名本科生观看了一个压力刺激物，然后被分配到一个不交谈的控制条件或三种交谈条件之一：独自交谈、与给予肯定的同伴交谈、或与给予否定的同伴交谈。两天后，他们再次接触压力源。与不交谈条件下的个体相比，独自交谈和得到肯定条件下的个体在两天的间隔期内侵入性思维水平较低，并且在再次接触压力源时感知到的压力较低。交谈和得到肯定对感知压力的影响似乎是通过减少侵入性思维来介导的。当披露的内容被否定时，交谈的益处就会被削弱。这些发现表明，谈论急性压力源可以通过认知解决来促进对压力源的适应。
