Zambón D, Sabaté J, Muñoz S, Campero B, Casals E, Merlos M, Laguna J C, Ros E
Hospital Clínic and School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Spain.
Ann Intern Med. 2000 Apr 4;132(7):538-46. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-132-7-200004040-00005.
It has been reported that walnuts reduce serum cholesterol levels in normal young men.
To assess the acceptability of walnuts and their effects on serum lipid levels and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidizability in free-living hypercholesterolemic persons.
Randomized, crossover feeding trial.
Lipid clinic at a university hospital.
55 men and women (mean age, 56 years) with polygenic hypercholesterolemia.
A cholesterol-lowering Mediterranean diet and a diet of similar energy and fat content in which walnuts replaced approximately 35% of the energy obtained from monounsaturated fat. Patients followed each diet for 6 weeks.
Low-density lipoprotein fatty acids (to assess compliance), serum lipid levels, lipoprotein(a) levels, and LDL resistance to in vitro oxidative stress.
49 persons completed the trial. The walnut diet was well tolerated. Planned and observed diets were closely matched. Compared with the Mediterranean diet, the walnut diet produced mean changes of -4.1% in total cholesterol level, -5.9% in LDL cholesterol level, and -6.2% in lipoprotein(a) level. The mean differences in the changes in serum lipid levels were -0.28 mmol/L (95% CI, -0.43 to -0.12 mmol/L) (-10.8 mg/dL [-16.8 to -4.8 mg/dL]) (P<0.001) for total cholesterol level, -0.29 mmol/L (CI, -0.41 to -0.15 mmol/L) (-11.2 mg/dL [-16.3 to -6.1 mg/dL]) (P<0.001) for LDL cholesterol level, and -0.021 g/L (CI, -0.042 to -0.001 g/L) (P = 0.042) for lipoprotein(a) level. Lipid changes were similar in men and women except for lipoprotein(a) levels, which decreased only in men. Low-density lipoprotein particles were enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids from walnuts, but their resistance to oxidation was preserved.
Substituting walnuts for part of the mono-unsaturated fat in a cholesterol-lowering Mediterranean diet further reduced total and LDL cholesterol levels in men and women with hypercholesterolemia.
据报道，核桃可降低正常年轻男性的血清胆固醇水平。
评估核桃在自由生活的高胆固醇血症患者中的可接受性及其对血脂水平和低密度脂蛋白（LDL）氧化能力的影响。
随机交叉喂养试验。
大学医院的脂质门诊。
55名患有多基因高胆固醇血症的男性和女性（平均年龄56岁）。
一种降低胆固醇的地中海饮食以及一种能量和脂肪含量相似的饮食，其中核桃替代了约35%由单不饱和脂肪获取的能量。患者每种饮食各遵循6周。
低密度脂蛋白脂肪酸（以评估依从性）、血脂水平、脂蛋白（a）水平以及LDL对体外氧化应激的抵抗力。
49人完成了试验。核桃饮食耐受性良好。计划饮食与观察到的饮食紧密匹配。与地中海饮食相比，核桃饮食使总胆固醇水平平均变化-4.1%，LDL胆固醇水平平均变化-5.9%，脂蛋白（a）水平平均变化-6.2%。血脂水平变化的平均差异为，总胆固醇水平为-0.28 mmol/L（95%CI，-0.43至-0.12 mmol/L）（-10.8 mg/dL [-16.8至-4.8 mg/dL]）（P<0.001），LDL胆固醇水平为-0.29 mmol/L（CI，-0.41至-0.15 mmol/L）（-11.2 mg/dL [-16.3至-6.1 mg/dL]）（P<0.001），脂蛋白（a）水平为-0.021 g/L（CI，-0.042至-0.001 g/L）（P = 0.042）。除脂蛋白（a）水平仅在男性中降低外，男性和女性的血脂变化相似。LDL颗粒富含来自核桃的多不饱和脂肪酸，但其抗氧化能力得以保留。
在降低胆固醇的地中海饮食中用核桃替代部分单不饱和脂肪可进一步降低高胆固醇血症男性和女性的总胆固醇和LDL胆固醇水平。
