Hadi Amir, Khosroshahi Mohammad Zeinali, Zwamel Ahmed Hussein, Asbaghi Omid, Naeini Fatemeh, Miraghajani Mayam, Nouri Mehran, Ghaedi Ehsan
Halal Research Center of IRI, Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2025 Feb 3;24(1):62. doi: 10.1007/s40200-025-01566-z. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Previous studies have led to conflicting results regarding the effect of walnut consumption on glycemic control, and anthropometric indices. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of walnut consumption on serum levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting insulin, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), weight and body mass index (BMI) through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane databases were searched up to February 2023. Weighted mean difference (WMD) was analyzed using random effects models to assess the overall effect.
A total of thirty-two RCTs were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Walnut supplementation was found to significantly reduce HOMA-IR (WMD = -0.29; 95% CI: -0.57, -0.01, = 0.04), and body weight (WMD = -0.14 kg; 95% CI: -0.24, -0.04; = 0.008). However, the meta-analysis showed that walnut supplementation did not have a significant effect on FBS (WMD = 0.62 mg/dL; 95% CI: -0.66, 1.91; = 0.34), insulin levels (WMD = 1.27 mIU/ml; 95% CI: -0.59, 3.14; = 0.18), HbA1C (WMD = 0.00%; 95% CI: -0.09, 0.10; = 0.95), and BMI (WMD = -0.10 kg/m; 95% CI: -0.40, 0.20; = 0.50).
In conclusion, this study found a significant reduction in HOMA-IR levels and body weight with walnut supplementation, while other glycemic markers, and obesity-related indices did not change significantly. Future well-designed trials are needed to confirm these results.
先前关于食用核桃对血糖控制及人体测量指标影响的研究结果相互矛盾。本研究旨在通过对随机对照试验（RCT）进行系统评价和荟萃分析，评估食用核桃对空腹血糖（FBS）、空腹胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估（HOMA-IR）、体重和体重指数（BMI）血清水平的疗效。
检索截至2023年2月的PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science和Cochrane数据库。采用随机效应模型分析加权平均差（WMD）以评估总体效应。
系统评价和荟萃分析共纳入32项RCT。发现补充核桃可显著降低HOMA-IR（WMD = -0.29；95%CI：-0.57，-0.01；P = 0.04）和体重（WMD = -0.14 kg；95%CI：-0.24，-0.04；P = 0.008）。然而，荟萃分析表明，补充核桃对FBS（WMD = 0.62 mg/dL；95%CI：-0.66，1.91；P = 0.34）、胰岛素水平（WMD = 1.27 mIU/ml；95%CI：-0.59，3.14；P = 0.18）、HbA1C（WMD = 0.00%；95%CI：-0.09，0.10；P = 0.95）和BMI（WMD = -0.10 kg/m²；95%CI：-0.40，0.20；P = 0.50）均无显著影响。
总之，本研究发现补充核桃可显著降低HOMA-IR水平和体重，而其他血糖指标及肥胖相关指标无显著变化。需要未来设计良好的试验来证实这些结果。
