Martire L M, Stephens M A, Townsend A L
Department of Psychiatry and University Center for Social and Urban Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA. martire+@pitt.edu
Psychol Aging. 2000 Mar;15(1):148-56. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.15.1.148.
Theorists have proposed that greater centrality (personal importance) of a social role is associated with better psychological well-being but that role centrality exacerbates the negative effects of stress in that same social role on well-being. The present study found evidence to support both hypotheses in a sample of 296 women who simultaneously occupied the roles of parent care provider, mother, wife, and employee. Greater centrality of all four roles was related to better psychological well-being. As predicted, wife centrality exacerbated the effects of wife stress on life satisfaction, and employee centrality exacerbated the effects of employee stress on depressive symptoms. Contrary to prediction, centrality of the mother role buffered women from the negative effects of mother stress on depressive symptoms. These findings point to an aspect of role identity that can benefit well-being but that has complex effects in the context of role stress.
理论家们提出，社会角色的更高中心性（个人重要性）与更好的心理健康状况相关联，但角色中心性会加剧同一社会角色中的压力对幸福感的负面影响。本研究在一个由296名同时承担照顾父母者、母亲、妻子和员工角色的女性组成的样本中找到了支持这两种假设的证据。所有这四个角色的更高中心性都与更好的心理健康状况相关。正如所预测的那样，妻子角色的中心性加剧了妻子压力对生活满意度的影响，而员工角色的中心性加剧了员工压力对抑郁症状的影响。与预测相反，母亲角色的中心性减轻了母亲压力对抑郁症状的负面影响。这些发现指出了角色认同的一个方面，它可以有益于幸福感，但在角色压力的背景下具有复杂的影响。
