van Ginkel F W, Nguyen H H, McGhee J R
Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, USA.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2000 Mar-Apr;6(2):123-32. doi: 10.3201/eid0602.000204.
The mucosal immune system consists of molecules, cells, and organized lymphoid structures intended to provide immunity to pathogens that impinge upon mucosal surfaces. Mucosal infection by intracellular pathogens results in the induction of cell- mediated immunity, as manifested by CD4-positive (CD4 + ) T helper-type 1 cells, as well as CD8 + cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. These responses are normally accompanied by the synthesis of secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) antibodies, which provide an important first line of defense against invasion of deeper tissues by these pathogens. New-generation live, attenuated viral vaccines, such as the cold-adapted, recombinant nasal influenza and oral rotavirus vaccines, optimize this form of mucosal immune protection. Despite these advances, new and reemerging infectious diseases are tipping the balance in favor of the parasite; continued mucosal vaccine development will be needed to effectively combat these new threats.
黏膜免疫系统由分子、细胞和有组织的淋巴结构组成，旨在对侵袭黏膜表面的病原体提供免疫保护。细胞内病原体引起的黏膜感染会诱导细胞介导的免疫反应，表现为CD4阳性（CD4 +）1型辅助性T细胞以及CD8 +细胞毒性T淋巴细胞。这些反应通常伴随着分泌型免疫球蛋白A（S-IgA）抗体的合成，该抗体为抵御这些病原体侵入更深层组织提供了重要的第一道防线。新一代减毒活病毒疫苗，如冷适应重组鼻流感疫苗和口服轮状病毒疫苗，优化了这种黏膜免疫保护形式。尽管取得了这些进展，但新出现和重新出现的传染病正在使平衡向有利于病原体的方向倾斜；需要持续开展黏膜疫苗研发以有效应对这些新威胁。
