Reder L M, Nhouyvanisvong A, Schunn C D, Ayers M S, Angstadt P, Hiraki K
Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2000 Mar;26(2):294-320. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.26.2.294.
A theoretical account of the mirror effect for word frequency and of dissociations in the pattern of responding Remember vs. Know (R vs. K) for low- and high-frequency words was tested both empirically and computationally by comparing predicted with observed data theory in 3 experiments. The SAC (Source of Activation Confusion) theory of memory makes the novel prediction of more K responses for high- than for low-frequency words, for both old and new items. Two experiments used a continuous presentation and judgment paradigm that presented words up to 10 times. The computer simulation closely modeled the pattern of results, fitting new Know and Remember patterns of responding at each level of experimental presentation and for both levels of word frequency for each participant. Experiment 3 required list discrimination after each R response (Group 1) or after an R or K response (Group 2). List accuracy was better following R responses. All experiments were modeled using the same parameter values.
通过在3个实验中比较预测数据与观测数据理论，对单词频率的镜像效应以及低频和高频单词在“记得”与“知道”（R与K）反应模式中的分离现象进行了理论阐释，并进行了实证和计算测试。记忆的SAC（激活源混淆）理论做出了新的预测：对于新旧项目，高频单词的K反应比低频单词更多。两个实验采用了连续呈现和判断范式，单词呈现次数多达10次。计算机模拟紧密模拟了结果模式，在每个实验呈现水平以及每个参与者的两个单词频率水平上，拟合了新的“知道”和“记得”反应模式。实验3要求在每次R反应后（第1组）或在R或K反应后（第2组）进行列表辨别。R反应后的列表准确性更高。所有实验均使用相同的参数值进行建模。
