Mannino D M
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
Occup Med. 2000 Apr-Jun;15(2):359-68.
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that is increasing in both prevalence and mortality in developed countries around the world. Occupational exposures to sensitizers and irritants are causes of both asthma cases and asthma exacerbations in adults. The determination of how many cases of asthma may be caused or worsened by occupational exposures is highly dependent on how asthma is defined, what constitutes work-relatedness, and what specific methodology is employed. Surveillance-based methods generally have found the lowest proportion of work-related asthma, ranging from 1-8% of cases. Other types of studies, using exposed-unexposed methodology or interviews of incident asthma cases, have determined that 10-25% of cases are occupationally related. Ultimate determination of how much asthma may be related to occupational or environmental exposures will require better surveillance of asthma, along with a better understanding of this disease and its natural history.
哮喘是一种慢性呼吸道疾病，在世界发达国家，其患病率和死亡率都在上升。职业接触致敏剂和刺激物是成人哮喘病例和哮喘加重的病因。职业接触导致或加重哮喘病例的数量，在很大程度上取决于哮喘的定义、与工作相关性的构成要素以及所采用的具体方法。基于监测的方法通常发现与工作相关的哮喘比例最低，占病例的1%-8%。其他类型的研究，采用暴露组与非暴露组对比的方法或对新发哮喘病例进行访谈，确定10%-25%的病例与职业有关。要最终确定有多少哮喘可能与职业或环境接触有关，需要更好地监测哮喘，同时更好地了解这种疾病及其自然史。
