Lightfoot J, Bines W
Social Policy Research Unit, University of York, Heslington.
J Public Health Med. 2000 Mar;22(1):74-80. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/22.1.74.
Against a background of future uncertainty for school nursing and little previous research, this study aimed to identify and describe the distinctive role of the school nurse in working to keep school children healthy. Particular attention was paid to the 'interface' between nursing and the health-related work of teachers. The research was carried out in four health authority areas in England.
Seventy-eight semi-structured interviews were carried out with a range of respondents: school nurses, school Heads and teachers, health authority purchasers and NHS Trust managers. Seven focus group discussions were held with parents and eight with young people of secondary school age.
Four key elements of the school nurse role were identified: safeguarding the health and welfare of children; health promotion; a pupils' confidante; and family support. In each of these aspects of work, nurses and teachers had shared or complementary roles. An over-arching role for the school nurse as 'health adviser' to pupils, parents and teachers was also identified. Despite these common elements, emphasis in the practice of individual school nurses varied widely. Difficulties for school nurses in developing their role were identified. Parents and young people saw school as an appropriate setting for health-related work.
The research identified key components of the school nursing role and the complementary roles of nurses and school staff. To optimize school nurses' contribution to child health, a more strategic approach is required, in partnership with education, along with research into the effectiveness of school nursing interventions.
鉴于学校护理工作未来的不确定性以及此前相关研究较少，本研究旨在确定并描述学校护士在保障在校儿童健康方面的独特作用。特别关注护理工作与教师健康相关工作之间的“衔接点”。该研究在英格兰的四个卫生当局辖区开展。
对一系列受访者进行了78次半结构式访谈，受访者包括学校护士、校长和教师、卫生当局采购人员以及国民健康服务信托基金经理。与家长进行了7次焦点小组讨论，与中学年龄段的青少年进行了8次讨论。
确定了学校护士角色的四个关键要素：保障儿童的健康和福祉；促进健康；成为学生的知心人；以及提供家庭支持。在工作的每个方面，护士和教师都有共同或互补的角色。还确定了学校护士作为学生、家长和教师的“健康顾问”这一总体角色。尽管存在这些共同要素，但各个学校护士的实际工作重点差异很大。确定了学校护士在发挥其作用时面临的困难。家长和青少年认为学校是开展健康相关工作的合适场所。
该研究确定了学校护理角色的关键组成部分以及护士与学校工作人员的互补角色。为了优化学校护士对儿童健康的贡献，需要与教育部门合作采取更具战略性的方法，并对学校护理干预措施的有效性进行研究。
