Gonyou H W, Lou Z
Prairie Swine Centre, Inc., Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
J Anim Sci. 2000 Apr;78(4):865-70. doi: 10.2527/2000.784865x.
Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of eating space and availability of water within feeders on the productivity and behavior of growing/finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, 12 commercial feeders were classified as being either single-space (SS) or multiple-space (MS), and either as dry (D) or wet/dry (WD), resulting in two SS-D, four MS-D, three SS-WD and three MS-WD models. Each model was evaluated using four pens of 12 pigs, which were fed a mash diet throughout the growing/finishing period (25 to 106 kg). Pigs were videotaped when they were approximately 40 and 80 kg in weight to determine eating behavior. The number of feeding spaces did not affect the productivity of the pigs, but the presence of water within the feeder resulted in increases in ADFI (P < .05) and ADG (P < .05) and a reduction in carcass lean (P < .05). Pigs eating from SS feeders spent 15% less time eating than those fed from two-space feeders (P < .05), and occupancy rate for feeding spaces was increased by 75% (P < .05). The WD feeders also resulted in a reduction (17%) in eatingtime compared to D models (P < .01), and occupancy rate for WD feeders was similarly reduced (P < .05). Pigs spent 16% less time eating when they weighed approximately 80 kg than when they weighed 40 kg (P < .01). In Exp. 2, rate of eating was determined during a short test on the same 12 feeder models for both small (48 kg) and large (90 kg) pigs. Large pigs ate faster than small pigs, but eating rate was not affected by feeding space or presence of water in the feeder. In Exp. 3, eating rate was determined for small amounts of dry or wet feed. Premixing water with the feed (1:1 ratio by weight) increased eating speed (P < .01). We concluded that 12 pigs can be fed from a single-space feeder without affecting productivity. The inclusion of water within a feeder decreases time spent eating, but it increases ADFI and ADG. When pigs are small, they spend more time eating, and feeder occupancy rates are higher than when they are large.
进行了三项试验，以确定采食空间以及饮水器中饮水的可获得性对生长育肥猪生产性能和行为的影响。在试验1中，12个商用饮水器被分为单空间（SS）或多空间（MS），以及干料（D）或干湿料（WD）型，从而产生了两个SS-D、四个MS-D、三个SS-WD和三个MS-WD模型。每个模型用4个栏舍进行评估，每个栏舍饲养12头猪，在整个生长育肥期（体重25至106千克）饲喂粉料日粮。当猪体重约40千克和80千克时对其进行录像，以确定采食行为。采食空间数量对猪的生产性能没有影响，但饮水器中有饮水会使平均日采食量（ADFI，P < 0.05）和平均日增重（ADG，P < 0.05）增加，胴体瘦肉率降低（P < 0.05）。使用单空间饮水器的猪采食时间比使用双空间饮水器的猪少15%（P < 0.05），采食空间占有率提高了75%（P < 0.05）。与D型饮水器相比，WD型饮水器也使采食时间减少了17%（P < 0.01），WD型饮水器的占有率同样降低（P < 0.05）。体重约80千克的猪比40千克时采食时间少16%（P < 0.01）。在试验2中，在对相同的12种饮水器模型进行的短期试验中，测定了小猪（48千克）和大猪（90千克）的采食速度。大猪比小猪采食速度快，但采食速度不受采食空间或饮水器中饮水的影响。在试验3中，测定了少量干料或湿料的采食速度。将水与饲料预混合（重量比1:1）可提高采食速度（P < 0.01）。我们得出结论，12头猪可以使用单空间饮水器进行饲喂而不影响生产性能。饮水器中添加饮水可减少采食时间，但会增加ADFI和ADG。小猪采食时间更多，饮水器占有率高于大猪。
