Hornung R L, Lennon P A, Garrett J M, DeVellis R F, Weinberg P D, Strecher V J
Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 2000 Jan;18(1):69-76. doi: 10.1016/s0749-3797(99)00115-4.
Computer technology has become an integral part of health care, yet there have been few studies exploring the use of multimedia technology in the prevention of cancer, especially targeting children.
The aims of this study were to develop and evaluate a new multimedia computer program for the primary prevention of skin cancer among a childhood population.
An interactive CD-ROM program was developed, then pilot tested in a public elementary school in rural North Carolina. This intervention trial involved 8 third- and fourth-grade classes (N = 209 students), randomized into 3 groups: computer intervention, standard teacher-led intervention, and controls.
Students were tested using pre- and postintervention surveys that measured knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported behaviors. A 7-month follow-up survey was performed.
There was a significant increase in postintervention knowledge for the computer group when compared to either the teacher-led or control groups (mean scores out of 100: 75.2, 59.5, 55.0, respectively; p < 0.001). Attitudes about suntanning demonstrated a significant difference between the 3 groups (mean scores out of 100: 64.0, 53.0, 48.6, respectively; p = 0.002). There were slight improvements in the behavioral scores, especially among the computer group, but the overall differences were not significant. Similar overall results were found for the long-term follow-up survey, except that attitudes about suntanning no longer demonstrated a significant difference.
These results indicate that this new educational tool is an effective way to introduce health education programs for young children in typical classroom settings. This prototype may serve as a model for the development of future preventive school-based programs, including applications to other conditions associated with high-risk behaviors among children.
计算机技术已成为医疗保健不可或缺的一部分，但很少有研究探讨多媒体技术在癌症预防中的应用，尤其是针对儿童的应用。
本研究旨在开发并评估一款用于儿童人群皮肤癌一级预防的新型多媒体计算机程序。
开发了一个交互式光盘程序，然后在北卡罗来纳州农村的一所公立小学进行了试点测试。这项干预试验涉及8个三、四年级班级（N = 209名学生），随机分为3组：计算机干预组、标准教师主导干预组和对照组。
在干预前后通过调查对学生进行测试，调查内容包括知识、态度和自我报告的行为。进行了为期7个月的随访调查。
与教师主导组或对照组相比，计算机组干预后的知识水平有显著提高（满分100分的平均得分分别为：75.2、59.5、55.0；p < 0.001）。三组之间对晒黑的态度存在显著差异（满分100分的平均得分分别为：64.0、53.0、48.6；p = 0.002）。行为得分有轻微改善，尤其是计算机组，但总体差异不显著。长期随访调查也发现了类似的总体结果，只是对晒黑的态度不再有显著差异。
这些结果表明，这种新的教育工具是在典型课堂环境中为幼儿引入健康教育计划的有效方式。这个原型可以作为未来基于学校的预防计划开发的模型，包括应用于与儿童高风险行为相关的其他情况。
