Parashar U D, Sunn L M, Ong F, Mounts A W, Arif M T, Ksiazek T G, Kamaluddin M A, Mustafa A N, Kaur H, Ding L M, Othman G, Radzi H M, Kitsutani P T, Stockton P C, Arokiasamy J, Gary H E, Anderson L J
Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
J Infect Dis. 2000 May;181(5):1755-9. doi: 10.1086/315457. Epub 2000 May 15.
An outbreak of encephalitis affecting 265 patients (105 fatally) occurred during 1998-1999 in Malaysia and was linked to a new paramyxovirus, Nipah, that infected pigs, humans, dogs, and cats. Most patients were pig farmers. Clinically undetected Nipah infection was noted in 10 (6%) of 166 community-farm controls (persons from farms without reported encephalitis patients) and 20 (11%) of 178 case-farm controls (persons from farms with encephalitis patients). Case patients (persons with Nipah infection) were more likely than community-farm controls to report increased numbers of sick/dying pigs on the farm (59% vs. 24%, P=.001) and were more likely than case-farm controls to perform activities requiring direct contact with pigs (86% vs. 50%, P=.005). Only 8% of case patients reported no contact with pigs. The outbreak stopped after pigs in the affected areas were slaughtered and buried. Direct, close contact with pigs was the primary source of human Nipah infection, but other sources, such as infected dogs and cats, cannot be excluded.
1998年至1999年期间，马来西亚爆发了一场影响265名患者（其中105人死亡）的脑炎疫情，该疫情与一种新的副粘病毒——尼帕病毒有关，这种病毒感染猪、人、狗和猫。大多数患者是养猪户。在166名社区农场对照者（来自未报告脑炎患者农场的人员）中有10人（6%）以及178名病例农场对照者（来自有脑炎患者农场的人员）中有20人（11%）临床上未检测到尼帕病毒感染。病例患者（感染尼帕病毒的人）比社区农场对照者更有可能报告农场里生病/死亡猪的数量增加（59%对24%，P = 0.001），并且比病例农场对照者更有可能进行需要直接接触猪的活动（86%对50%，P = 0.005）。只有8%的病例患者报告未接触过猪。在受影响地区的猪被屠宰和掩埋后，疫情停止。与猪的直接、密切接触是人类感染尼帕病毒的主要来源，但不能排除其他来源，如感染的狗和猫。
