Mehnaz Samiha, Anjum Ramisa, Mithila Fatema Rahman, Dewan Syed Masudur Rahman, Islam Md Rabiul
Department of Pharmacy University of Asia Pacific Dhaka Bangladesh.
School of Pharmacy BRAC University Dhaka Bangladesh.
Health Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 4;7(12):e70241. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.70241. eCollection 2024 Dec.
The World Health Organization (WHO) recognized the potential for a severe international epidemic and introduced the term "Disease X" to classify pathogens that not yet identified. The Nipah virus (NiV) is highly dangerous due to its zoonotic nature, high mortality rate, and ability to cause severe clinical symptoms in humans. In this review, we gather the latest information on the NiV and its potential to become a significant candidate for Disease X.
We performed a thorough review of articles published in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using appropriate MeSH terms and keywords. Studies reported NiV infection were considered for this review.
The NiV exhibits different epidemiological patterns in different countries that calls for customized prevention and control strategies. Genetic analysis highlights NiV's ability to mutate that alters possible treatment options. Transmission typically involves bats as the primary reservoir, with humans becoming infected either through intermediate hosts or food. This shows NiV's complex nature, including its ability to reach the central nervous system through the olfactory nerve. Promising treatment options, such as monoclonal antibodies, antivirals, and ongoing vaccine research, provide hope. However, the virus's adaptability, human-to-human transmission, and the lack of specific antiviral therapy raise concerns about its potential to cause a global pandemic. The interconnection between animals, humans, and the environment stresses the need for a One Health approach to tackle emerging infectious disease by NiV.
Global collaboration, surveillance, and research investments are imperative for the preparation of future pandemics. The ongoing COVID-19 challenges underscoring the critical need for sustained scientific endeavors, global leadership, and recognition of the prominence of NiV as a candidate for the potential Disease X.
世界卫生组织（WHO）认识到可能出现严重的国际疫情，并引入了“X疾病”这一术语来对尚未确定的病原体进行分类。尼帕病毒（NiV）因其人畜共患性质、高死亡率以及在人类中引发严重临床症状的能力而极具危险性。在本综述中，我们收集了关于尼帕病毒及其成为X疾病重要候选病原体可能性的最新信息。
我们使用适当的医学主题词（MeSH）和关键词，对发表在PubMed、Scopus和谷歌学术上的文章进行了全面综述。本综述纳入了报道尼帕病毒感染的研究。
尼帕病毒在不同国家呈现出不同的流行病学模式，这就需要定制化的预防和控制策略。基因分析突出了尼帕病毒的变异能力，这改变了可能的治疗选择。传播通常以蝙蝠作为主要宿主，人类通过中间宿主或食物而感染。这显示了尼帕病毒的复杂性质，包括其通过嗅觉神经到达中枢神经系统的能力。有前景的治疗选择，如单克隆抗体、抗病毒药物以及正在进行的疫苗研究，带来了希望。然而，该病毒的适应性、人际传播以及缺乏特异性抗病毒疗法引发了对其可能导致全球大流行的担忧。动物、人类和环境之间的相互联系强调了采用“同一健康”方法来应对尼帕病毒引发的新发传染病的必要性。
全球合作、监测和研究投资对于防范未来的大流行至关重要。当前的新冠疫情挑战凸显了持续开展科学努力、全球领导力以及认识到尼帕病毒作为潜在X疾病候选病原体的重要性的迫切需求。
