Klasse PJ, Bron R, Marsh M
Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 1998 Oct 5;34(1):65-91. doi: 10.1016/s0169-409x(98)00002-7.
The ability of viruses to transfer macromolecules between cells makes them attractive starting points for the design of biological delivery vehicles. Virus-based vectors and sub-viral systems are already finding biotechnological and medical applications for gene, peptide, vaccine and drug delivery. Progress has been made in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying virus entry, particularly in identifying virus receptors. However, receptor binding is only a first step and we now have to understand how these molecules facilitate entry, how enveloped viruses fuse with cells or non-enveloped viruses penetrate the cell membrane, and what happens following penetration. Only through these detailed analyses will the full potential of viruses as vectors and delivery vehicles be realised. Here we discuss aspects of the entry mechanisms for several well-characterised viral systems. We do not attempt to provide a fully comprehensive review of virus entry but focus primarily on enveloped viruses.
病毒在细胞间传递大分子的能力使其成为设计生物递送载体的诱人起点。基于病毒的载体和亚病毒系统已在基因、肽、疫苗和药物递送的生物技术及医学应用中崭露头角。在理解病毒进入细胞的细胞和分子机制方面已取得进展，尤其是在识别病毒受体方面。然而，受体结合仅仅是第一步，我们现在必须了解这些分子如何促进病毒进入、包膜病毒如何与细胞融合或无包膜病毒如何穿透细胞膜，以及穿透后会发生什么。只有通过这些详细分析，才能实现病毒作为载体和递送工具的全部潜力。在此，我们讨论几种特征明确的病毒系统的进入机制。我们并非试图对病毒进入进行全面综述，而是主要聚焦于包膜病毒。
