Stuart G, Hulme C
Department of Psychology, University of York, United Kingdom.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2000 May;26(3):796-802. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.26.3.796.
In immediate serial recall tasks, high-frequency words are recalled better than low-frequency words. This has been attributed to high-frequency words' being better represented and providing more effective support to a redintegration process at retrieval (C. Hulme et al., 1997). In studies of free recall, there is evidence that frequency of word co-occurrence, rather than word frequency per se, may explain the recall advantage enjoyed by high-frequency words (J. Deese, 1960). The authors present evidence that preexposing pairs of low-frequency words, so as to create associative links between them, has substantial beneficial effects on immediate serial recall performance. These benefits, which are not attributable to simple familiarization with the words per se, do not occur for high-frequency words. These findings indicate that associative links between items in long-term memory have important effects on short-term memory performance and suggest that the effects of word frequency in short-term memory tasks are related to differences in interitem associations in long-term memory.
在即时系列回忆任务中，高频词比低频词回忆得更好。这被归因于高频词在记忆中具有更好的表征，并且在检索时能为再整合过程提供更有效的支持（C. 休姆等人，1997）。在自由回忆研究中，有证据表明词共现频率而非词本身的频率，可能解释了高频词所具有的回忆优势（J. 迪斯，1960）。作者提供证据表明，预先呈现低频词对，以便在它们之间建立联想联系，对即时系列回忆表现有显著的有益影响。这些益处并非归因于对词本身的简单熟悉，高频词不会出现这种情况。这些发现表明，长期记忆中项目之间的联想联系对短期记忆表现有重要影响，并表明短期记忆任务中词频的影响与长期记忆中项目间联想的差异有关。
