Cornelis G R
Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Christian de Duve Institute of Cellular Pathology (ICP), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2000 May 29;355(1397):681-93. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2000.0608.
Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and several plant-pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria use a new type of systems called 'type III secretion' to attack their host. These systems are activated by contact with a eukaryotic cell membrane and they allow bacteria to inject bacterial proteins across the two bacterial membranes and the eukaryotic cell membrane to reach a given compartment and destroy or subvert the target cell. These systems consist of a secretion apparatus made up of about 25 individual proteins and a set of proteins released by this apparatus. Some of these released proteins are 'effectors' that are delivered by extracellular bacteria into the cytosol of the target cell while the others are 'translocators' that help the 'effectors' to cross the membrane of the eukaryotic cell. Most of the 'effectors' act on the cytoskeleton or on intracellular signalling cascades. One of the proteins injected by the enteropathogenic E. coli serves as a membrane receptor for the docking of the bacterium itself at the surface of the cell.
沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌、耶尔森氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肠道致病性大肠杆菌以及几种植物致病性革兰氏阴性菌利用一种名为“III型分泌系统”的新型系统来攻击它们的宿主。这些系统通过与真核细胞膜接触而被激活，它们使细菌能够将细菌蛋白穿过两层细菌膜和真核细胞膜，到达特定的区室，从而破坏或颠覆靶细胞。这些系统由一个由约25种不同蛋白质组成的分泌装置以及该装置释放的一组蛋白质构成。这些释放的蛋白质中，有些是“效应蛋白”，由胞外细菌递送至靶细胞的胞质溶胶中，而其他的则是“转运蛋白”，帮助“效应蛋白”穿过真核细胞的膜。大多数“效应蛋白”作用于细胞骨架或细胞内信号级联反应。肠道致病性大肠杆菌注入的一种蛋白质可作为细菌自身在细胞表面对接的膜受体。
