Arvanitidou M, Spaia S, Velegraki A, Pazarloglou M, Kanetidis D, Pangidis P, Askepidis N, Katsinas C, Vayonas G, Katsouyannopoulos V
Laboratory of Hygiene, Medical School, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
J Hosp Infect. 2000 Jul;45(3):225-30. doi: 10.1053/jhin.2000.0763.
The counts of yeasts and filamentous fungi were investigated in the municipal water supplies of haemodialysis centres, in the treated water and the dialysate from all 85 haemodialysis units in Greece, in order to estimate their occurrence, their correlation with contamination indicator bacteria and other influencing factors. Filamentous fungi and yeasts were isolated from 69 (81.2%) and from three (3.5%) feed water samples, from 74 (87.1%) and seven (8.2%) treated water samples and from 66 (77.7%) and 11 (12.9%) dialysate samples respectively. Aspergillus spp and Penicillium spp were the most frequent moulds, while Candida spp were the prevailing yeasts. The occurrence of yeasts was significantly higher in dialysate than in tap water samples. Counts of filamentous fungi in all 255 samples were significantly correlated with the counts of total heterotrophic bacteria and enterococci, whereas the counts of yeasts were correlated with faecal coliforms, total heterotrophic bacteria, as well as enterococci, Pseudomonas spp and total coliforms, while no correlation was detected with the age of either haemodialysis units, the age of water treatment system, the number of artificial kidney machines or the components of the water purification system. High recovery of fungi from haemodialysis aqueous environments implies a potential risk for haemodialysis patients and indicates the need for continuous maintenance and monitoring.
对希腊所有85个血液透析单位的市政供水、处理水和透析液中的酵母和丝状真菌数量进行了调查，以估计它们的出现情况、与污染指示菌的相关性以及其他影响因素。分别从69个（81.2%）进水样本、3个（3.5%）进水样本、74个（87.1%）处理水样本、7个（8.2%）处理水样本、66个（77.7%）透析液样本和11个（12.9%）透析液样本中分离出丝状真菌和酵母。曲霉属和青霉属是最常见的霉菌，而念珠菌属是主要的酵母。透析液中酵母的出现率明显高于自来水样本。所有255个样本中的丝状真菌数量与总异养菌和肠球菌数量显著相关，而酵母数量与粪大肠菌群、总异养菌以及肠球菌、假单胞菌属和总大肠菌群相关，而未检测到与血液透析单位的使用年限、水处理系统的使用年限、人工肾机数量或水净化系统组件之间的相关性。从血液透析水环境中高回收率的真菌意味着对血液透析患者存在潜在风险，并表明需要持续维护和监测。
