Frazier M T, Finley J, Harkness W, Rajotte E G
Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2000 Jun;93(3):551-8. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493-93.3.551.
The introduction of parasitic honey bee mites, the tracheal mite, Acarapis woodi (Rennie) in 1984 and the Varroa mite, Varroa jacobsoni, in 1987, has dramatically increased the winter mortality of honey bee, Apis mellifera L., colonies in many areas of the United States. Some beekeepers have minimized their losses by routinely treating their colonies with menthol, currently the only Environmental Protection Agency-approved and available chemical for tracheal mite control. Menthol is also expensive and can interfere with honey harvesting. Because of inadequate sampling techniques and a lack of information concerning treatment, this routine treatment strategy has increased the possibility that tracheal mites will develop resistance to menthol. It is important to establish economic thresholds and treat colonies with menthol only when treatment is warranted rather than treating all colonies regardless of infestation level. The use of sequential sampling may reduce the amount of time and effort expended in examining individual colonies and determining if treatment is necessary. Sequential sampling also allows statistically based estimates of the percentage of bees in standard Langstroth hives infested with mites while controlling for the possibility of incorrectly assessing the amount of infestation. On the average, sequential sampling plans require fewer observations (bees) to reach a decision for specified probabilities of type I and type II errors than are required for fixed sampling plans, especially when the proportion of infested bees is either very low or very high. We developed a sequential sampling decision plan to allow the user to choose specific economic injury levels and the probability of making type I and type II errors which can result inconsiderable savings in time, labor and expense.
1984年引入寄生性蜜蜂螨——气管螨（Acarapis woodi [Rennie]），以及1987年引入瓦螨（Varroa jacobsoni），极大地增加了美国许多地区蜜蜂（Apis mellifera L.）蜂群的冬季死亡率。一些养蜂人通过定期用薄荷醇处理蜂群来尽量减少损失，薄荷醇是目前美国环境保护局批准且可获得的唯一用于控制气管螨的化学药剂。薄荷醇价格昂贵，还会干扰蜂蜜采收。由于采样技术不足以及缺乏有关处理的信息，这种常规处理策略增加了气管螨对薄荷醇产生抗性的可能性。确定经济阈值并仅在必要时用薄荷醇处理蜂群很重要，而不是不管感染程度如何都对所有蜂群进行处理。采用序贯抽样可以减少检查单个蜂群以及确定是否需要处理所花费的时间和精力。序贯抽样还能在控制错误评估感染量可能性的同时，基于统计对标准朗氏蜂箱中感染螨的蜜蜂百分比进行估计。平均而言，与固定抽样计划相比，序贯抽样计划在达到针对I型和II型错误的特定概率的决策时需要的观察值（蜜蜂）更少，尤其是当感染蜜蜂的比例非常低或非常高时。我们制定了一个序贯抽样决策计划，以便用户能够选择特定的经济损害水平以及I型和II型错误发生的概率，这可以在时间、劳动力和费用方面节省可观的成本。
