Melathopoulos A P, Winston M L, Whittington R, Higo H, Le Doux M
Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
J Econ Entomol. 2000 Jun;93(3):559-67. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493-93.3.559.
Neem oil, neem extract (neem-aza), and canola oil were evaluated for the management of the honey bee mite parasites Varroa jacobsoni (Oudemans) and Acarapis woodi (Rennie) in field experiments. Spraying neem oil on bees was more effective at controlling V. jacobsoni than feeding oil in a sucrose-based matrix (patty), feeding neem-aza in syrup, or spraying canola oil. Neem oil sprays also protected susceptible bees from A. woodi infestation. Only neem oil provided V. jacobsoni control comparable to the known varroacide formic acid, but it was not as effective as the synthetic product Apistan (tau-fluvalinate). Neem oil was effective only when sprayed six times at 4-d intervals and not when applied three times at 8-d intervals. Neem oil spray treatments had no effect on adult honey bee populations, but treatments reduced the amount of sealed brood in colonies by 50% and caused queen loss at higher doses. Taken together, the results suggest that neem and canola oil show some promise for managing honey bee parasitic mites, but the negative effects of treatments to colonies and the lower efficacy against V. jacobsoni compared with synthetic acaricides may limit their usefulness to beekeepers.
在田间试验中，对印楝油、印楝提取物（印楝素）和菜籽油进行了评估，以确定其对蜜蜂寄生虫雅氏瓦螨（Oudemans）和武氏蜂盾螨（Rennie）的防治效果。向蜜蜂喷洒印楝油在控制雅氏瓦螨方面比在蔗糖基质（糖饼）中喂食油、在糖浆中喂食印楝素或喷洒菜籽油更有效。印楝油喷雾还能保护易感蜜蜂免受武氏蜂盾螨的侵害。只有印楝油对雅氏瓦螨的防治效果与已知的杀螨剂甲酸相当，但不如合成产品螨扑（氟氯苯菊酯）有效。印楝油只有在每隔4天喷洒6次时才有效，而每隔8天喷洒3次则无效。印楝油喷雾处理对成年蜜蜂数量没有影响，但处理使蜂群中封盖子脾的数量减少了50%，且在高剂量时会导致蜂王死亡。综合来看，结果表明印楝油和菜籽油在管理蜜蜂寄生螨方面显示出一些前景，但与合成杀螨剂相比，处理对蜂群的负面影响以及对雅氏瓦螨的较低防治效果可能会限制它们对养蜂人的实用性。
