Grebenc M L, Rosado de Christenson M L, Burke A P, Green C E, Galvin J R
Department of Radiology, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Radiographics. 2000 Jul-Aug;20(4):1073-103; quiz 1110-1, 1112. doi: 10.1148/radiographics.20.4.g00jl081073.
Primary cardiac and pericardial neoplasms are rare lesions and include both benign and malignant histologic types. Myxoma is the most frequent primary cardiac neoplasm, but other benign tumors include papillary fibroelastoma, rhabdomyoma, fibroma, hemangioma, lipoma, and paraganglioma. Cardiac sarcoma represents the second most common primary cardiac neoplasm. Lymphoma can also affect the heart primarily. Pericardial tumors that affect the heart include benign teratomas and malignant mesotheliomas. Patients affected with cardiac or pericardial neoplasms often present with cardiovascular compromise or embolic phenomena and exhibit cardiomegaly at chest radiography. Benign cardiac tumors typically manifest as intracavitary, mural, or epicardial focal masses, whereas malignant tumors demonstrate invasive features and may involve the heart diffusely. Benign lesions can usually be successfully excised, but patients with malignant lesions have an extremely poor prognosis.
原发性心脏和心包肿瘤是罕见病变，包括良性和恶性组织学类型。黏液瘤是最常见的原发性心脏肿瘤，但其他良性肿瘤包括乳头状纤维弹性瘤、横纹肌瘤、纤维瘤、血管瘤、脂肪瘤和副神经节瘤。心脏肉瘤是第二常见的原发性心脏肿瘤。淋巴瘤也可主要累及心脏。影响心脏的心包肿瘤包括良性畸胎瘤和恶性间皮瘤。患有心脏或心包肿瘤的患者常出现心血管功能障碍或栓塞现象，胸部X线检查显示心脏扩大。良性心脏肿瘤通常表现为心腔内、心壁或心外膜局灶性肿块，而恶性肿瘤表现为浸润性特征，可能弥漫性累及心脏。良性病变通常可成功切除，但恶性病变患者的预后极差。
